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Human Nutrition
Consist of Macro and Micro Nutrients and their fuctions in the body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nutrition | The study of nutrients and how they function in the body |
| Diet | Everything a person eats on a daily basis |
| Balanced Diet | A diet consisting of all the food, in the right quantity that a person needs to fit their dietary requirements. |
| Importance of Water | Needed to maintain a balanced blood concentration Chemical reactions in cells require water sine they are dissolved in water Water is needed in blood plasma so that substances (glucose) can dissolve in it |
| Chemical Composition of Carbohydrates | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen |
| Categories of Carbohydrates | Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides |
| Monosaccharides/ Simple Sugar | Simple sugar molecules Small, soluble and sweet |
| Importance of Monosaccharides | Major Source of Energy |
| Examples of Monosaccharides | Glucose Fructose Galactose |
| Disaccharides | Two simple sugar molecules joined together to form a larger molecule Soluble and sweet |
| Importance of Disaccharides | Major source of Energy |
| Examples of Disaccharides | Sucrose Maltose Lactose |
| Polysaccharides | Multiple simple sugar molecules joined together to form a large molecule Insoluble and aren't sweet |
| Importance of Polysaccharides | The energy stored in plant cells Food Source for animals |
| Examples | Starch Cellulose |
| Another Name for Simple Sugars | Reducing Sugars |
| Solution used to test for carbohydrates | Benedict Solution |
| Colour solution turns when carbohydrates is present | Brick Red |
| Colour of Benedict Solution | Blue |
| Precaution for testing | Always do standard test first Keep foods separate from each other Use same amount of reagent for each test |
| Metabolism | How fast the body takes to break down food into energy |
| Chemical Composition of Protein | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulphur |
| Importance of Protein | Used for growth and repair Needed to make antibodies |
| Amino Acids | Small molecules that make up protein |
| Examples of Protein | Haemoglobin (Soluble) Keratin (Insoluble) |
| Test for Protein | Biuret Test |
| Solution used to test for Protein | Potassium Hydroxide Copper Sulphate |
| Colour solution turns when protein is present | Purple |
| Chemical Composition of Fats/ Lipids | Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen |
| Importance of Fats | Used in cells to release energy Useful for storing energy |
| Fat energy production | A gram of fat produces twice as much energy then a gram of carbohydrates. Fat takes a longer time to break down than carbohydrates |
| Name of layer of cells filled with fats or oil | Adipose tissue |
| Function of adipose tissue | Provides energy Acts as insulation |
| Examples of plants that store oil | Coconut Castor Oil Peanut |
| Test for Fat | Emulsion Test |
| Solution used to test for fat | Ethanol |
| Colour solution turns when Fat is present | Cloudy White |
| Function of Roughage | Keeps the alimentary canal working properly Prevents constipation |
| Source of Vitamin A | Egg Yolk Carrots Cod Liver Oil Butter |
| Importance of Vitamin A to the body | Makes pigment in the rod cells of the retina of the eye needed to see in dim light Keep cells lining the respiratory system healthy |
| Deficiency Disease | Night Blindness Infections of cells lining the respiratory system |
| Amount of Vitamin B's | Twelve |
| Source of Vitamin B | Wholemeal Bread Yeast Extract Liver Brown Rice |
| Importance of Vitamin B to the Body | Involved in many chemical reactions in the body (respiration) |
| Deficiency Disease | Beri- Beri Muscular Weakness and Paralysis |
| Source of Vitamin C | Citrus Fruits (Oranges, limes, cherries) |
| Importance of Vitamin C to the body | Keeps tissues in good repair |
| Deficiency Disease | Scurvy Pain in joints and muscles, bleeding from gums |
| Source of Vitamin D | Butter Egg Yolk Made by the skin when sunlight shines on it |
| Importance of Vitamin D to the body | Helps calcium and phosphate to be used for making bones |
| Deficiency Disease | Bones become soft and deformed |
| Source of Calcium | Milk Egg Bread |
| Importance of Calcium | Healthy bones and teeth |
| Deficiency Symptom | Brittle bones and teeth |
| Source of Phosphorus | Milk |
| Importance of Phosphorus | Healthy bones and teeth |
| Deficiency Symptom | Brittle Bones and teeth |
| Source of Fluorine | Fluoride toothpaste Fluoridated Water |
| Importance of Fluorine | Makes tooth enamel resistant to decay |
| Deficiency Symptoms | Bad teeth |
| Source of Iodine | Seafood Table Salt |
| Importance of Iodine | Makes hormone thyroxine |
| Deficiency Symptoms | Goitre Slow Metabolic Rate |
| Source of Iron | Liver Egg Yolk |
| Importance of Iron | Makes Haemoglobin in the body |
| Deficiency Disease | Anaemia- Not enough red blood cells, tissues short of oxygen and can't release energy |
Created by:
M-ia25
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