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MORT 1200

MICROBIOLOGY

QuestionAnswer
Which of the following can cause thrush in infants, yeast infections in women, skin infections, and overgrowth of yeast in the esophagus or respiratory system in AIDS patients? Aspergillosis Candidiasis Dermatomycoses Histoplasmosis Candidiasis
Which of the following affects gardeners and farmers, and is found in decaying vegetation and manure? Aspergillosis Candidiasis Dermatomycoses Histoplasmosis Aspergillosis
Which of the following is spread by the Anopheles mosquito? African Sleeping Sickness Cryptosporidiosis Giardiasis Malaria Malaria
What is caused by Cryptosporidium parvum and has caused many epidemics from drinking water, swimming pools, water slides, daycare centers, water fountains, unpasteurized apple juice? Cryptosporidiosis
Which of the following is the most commonly identified waterborne illness in the US? African Sleeping Sickness Cryptosporidiosis Giardiasis Malaria Giardiasis
Ringworm of the scalp Tinea capitis
Ringworm of the groin (jock itch) Tinea cruris
Fungal infection of the foot (athletes foot) Tinea pedis
Mold found on corn, peanuts, and grain Aspergillosis flavus
Forms black spores in the auditory meatus Aspergillosis niger
Match the disease with Microorganism: Q FEVER: A)Coxiella burnetii B)Rickettsia Rickettsia C)Mycoplasma pneumonia D)Chlamydia psittaci E)Rickettsia prowazekki A)Coxiella burnetii
Match the disease with Microorganism: ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER: A)Coxiella burnetii B)Rickettsia Rickettsia C)Mycoplasma pneumonia D)Chlamydia psittaci E)Rickettsia prowazekki B)Rickettsia rickettsia
Match the disease with Microorganism: PRIMARY ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA(WALKING PNEUMONIA) A)Coxiella burnetii B)Rickettsia Rickettsia C)Mycoplasma pneumonia D)Chlamydia psittaci E)Rickettsia prowazekki C) Mycoplasma pneumonia
Match the disease with Microorganism: PARROT FEVER: A)Coxiella burnetii B)Rickettsia Rickettsia C)Mycoplasma pneumonia D)Chlamydia psittaci E)Rickettsia prowazekki D)Chlamydia psittaci
Match the disease with Microorganism: EPIDEMIC TYPHUS: A)Coxiella burnetii B)Rickettsia Rickettsia C)Mycoplasma pneumonia D)Chlamydia psittaci E)Rickettsia prowazekki E)Rickettsia prowazekki
Which of the following diseases is characterized by the presence of a measles-like rash on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet? Lymphogranuloma venereum Q fever Rocky Mountain spotted fever Tuberculosis Rocky mountain spotted fever
Which of the following microorganisms is the smallest free-living organism in nature? Chlamydia Mycobacteria Mycoplasmas Rickettsia Mycoplasmas
Which of the following microorganisms has a characteristic fried-egg appearance? Chlamydia pneumonia Coxiella burnetii Mycoplasma pneumonia Rickettsia rickettsii Mycoplasmas
What is a chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis that is one of the leading causes of blindness? Ornithosis Psittacosis Trachoma Typhus Trachoma
In which of the following diseases might the tongue be covered with a white fur, or discolored black and rolled up in the back of the mouth? Epidemic typhus Parrot fever Q fever Rocky Mountain spotted fever Epidemic typhus
Which virus causes chicken pox, and can later be reactivated as shingles? Hantavirus Herpes simplex 2 virus Varicella-zoster virus Variola virus Varicella-zoster virus
Orchitis and sterility can result from which of the following diseases? Mononucleosis Mumps Poliomyelitis Rabies Mumps
Which of the following terms refers to viral infections that favor the body’s respiratory tract? Dermatropic Neurotropic Pneumotropic Viscerotropic Pneumotropic
Which of the following diseases is progressive, causes spongiform degeneration of the brain, and is thought to be caused by a prion? Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Encephalitis Smallpox Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Herpes would be considered to be which type of disease? Dermatropic Neurotropic Pneumotropic Viscerotropic Dermatropic
Match the following diseases with the microorganism COLD SORES A)Herpes simplex 1 virus B)Rubella virus C)Rubeola virus D)Variola virus E)Epstein-Barr virus A)Herpes simplex 1 virus
Match the following diseases with the microorganism GERMAN MEASELS A)Herpes simplex 1 virus B)Rubella virus C)Rubeola virus D)Variola virus E)Epstein-Barr virus B)Rubella virus
Match the following diseases with the microorganism MEASELS A)Herpes simplex 1 virus B)Rubella virus C)Rubeola virus D)Variola virus E)Epstein-Barr virus C)Rubeola virus
Match the following diseases with the microorganism MONONUCLEOSIS A)Herpes simplex 1 virus B)Rubella virus C)Rubeola virus D)Variola virus E)Epstein-Barr virus E)Epstein-Barr virus
Match the following diseases with the microorganism SMALLPOX A)Herpes simplex 1 virus B)Rubella virus C)Rubeola virus D)Variola virus E)Epstein-Barr virus D)Variola virus
Which of the following terms refers to infections of the skin? Dermatropic Neurotropic Pneumotropic Viscerotropic Dermatropic
Which of the following terms refers to infections of the nerves? Dermatropic Neurotropic Pneumotropic Viscerotropic Neurotropic
Which of the following terms refers to infections in the organs? Dermatropic Neurotropic Pneumotropic Viscerotropic Viscerotropic
Who recognized that phenol killed microorganisms and began treating surgical wounds with a phenol solution? Robert Hooke Joseph Lister John Needham Francesco Redi Joseph Lister
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is caused by which microorganism? Bacteria Prion Rickettsia Virus Prion
Who first discovered antibiotics? Paul Ehrlich Alexander Fleming Edward Jenner Anton Von Leeuwenhoek Alexander Fleming
What are rod-shaped bacteria called when paired together? Diplobacilli Diplococci Streptobacilli Staphylococci Diplobacilli
What is the study of true fungi? Bacteriology Mycology Myology Rickettsiology Mycology
The smallest known bacteria that can grow and reproduce outside the living host cell are.. Chlamydia Mycoplasmas Protozoa Rickettsia Mycoplasmas
The destruction of all microorganisms and their products is termed.. Antisepsis Disinfection Scrubbing Sterilization Sterilization
Which disinfectant is a concentrated, liquid form of formaldehyde, which is 37 percent formaldehyde by mass and 40 percent by volume? Cepacol Formalin Glutaraldehyde Tincture Formalin
Which phenolic compound is commonly used in mortuary disinfectants, as a deodorant, and in the production of insecticides? Cresols Carbolic acid Glutaraldehyde Hexachlorophene Cresols
What are organisms that only survive on dead or decaying organic matter? Autotrophic microbes Facultative anaerobes Obligate saprophytes Strict parasites Obligate saprophytes
Which type of bacteria prefer cold, thriving at temperatures between 0°C and 25°C? Mesophiles Plasmophiles Psychrophiles Thermophiles Psychrophiles
Which statement is true regarding eukaryotic cells? a. They contain a nucleus b. They contain membrane-bound organelles c. Their DNA floats freely around the cell d. All of the above e. Both a and b e. Both a and b
A bacterium with two or more flagella on either end of its cell is called... Amphitrichous Lophotrichous Monotrichous Peritrichous Lophotrichous
In this symbiotic relationship, one organism gains some benefit, such as protection or nourishment, and the host is not harmed. Antagonism Commensalism Parasitism Synergism Commensalism
Which of the following is a method of asexual reproduction in bacteria in which the cell splits into two parts, each of which develops into a complete individual? Binary fission Endospore formation Sporulation Vegetation Binary fission
In the name Staphylococcus aureus, what would Staphylococcus refer to? Genus Kingdom Phylum Species Genus
Thermal Death Point: The minimum time it takes to kill all microorganisms present The lowest temperature at which all microorganisms are killed in 10 minutes The highest temperature at which all microorganisms are killed in 10 minutes The lowest temperature at which all microorganisms are killed in 10 minutes
Which chemical would be considered a quaternary ammonium compound? Benzalkonium chloride Chlorine Formalin Hexachlorophene Benzalkonium chloride
If sphere shaped bacteria are arranged in a chain they are referred to as: Diplococci Staphylococci Streptobacilli Streptococci Streptococci
Boils, carbuncles, pneumonia, and septicemia are caused by which of the following? Candida albicans Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes Treponema pallidum Staphylococcus aureus
Fungi reproduce either sexually or asexually through budding or reproductive spore formation. True False True
A viroid is similar to a virus, except viroids contain only DNA, and they do not have a protein coat. True False False
Scarlet fever and rheumatic fever are both caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. True False True
Living skin should be sterilized. True False False
Steam under pressure is the most efficient and most widely applicable means of sterilization. True False True
Gas gangrene is caused by the bacteria Chlostridium tetani. True False False
Rickettsia are usually spread by arthropod vectors, such as lice, fleas, ticks or mites. True False True
Endospores are destroyed during disinfection. True False False
Following gram staining, those bacteria that appear purple are considered gram-negative. True False False
Obligate anaerobes are microbes that can only survive in an environment devoid of oxygen. True False True
A red blood cell in a hypertonic solution will swell and burst because water molecules are moving into the cell. True False False
The human body is slightly alkaline with a pH of 7.4. True False True
Dry heat is more effective than moist heat methods of decontamination because proteins denature more easily when they are dry. True False False
Quaternary ammonium compounds are deactivated in the presence of soaps and other alkaline substance. True False True
The minimum temperature is the temperature at which bacteria grow best. True False False
Synergism is a mutual opposition or contrary action between microorganisms. True False False
All viruses, viroids, and prions are considered obligate parasites. True False True
The process of forming an endospore is called sporulation. True False True
What is the first Koch's postulate 1. The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease.
What is the second Koch's postulate 2. The microorganism must be isolated and grown in pure culture.
What is the third Koch's postulate 3. The microorganism must be reproduced in pure culture and inoculated into a healthy, susceptible host.
What is the fourth Koch's postulate 4. The microorganism must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.
Describe in order the Gram staining process (be specific)- 1st Step 1. A purple dye such as Crystal Violet is added to a bacteria fixed to a slide for one minute and then rinsed. Any cell that is able to absorb the dye is stained purple.
Describe in order the Gram staining process (be specific)- 2nd Step 2. A dilute solution of Iodine is added for one minute and then rinsed. This creates a more soluble iodine-dye complex.
Describe in order the Gram staining process (be specific)- 3rd Step 3. An organic compound such as ethanol is added for 10-30 seconds and then rinsed. This removes the purple iodine-dye complex. Gram-positive cells will be purple and gram-negative cells will be colorless.
Describe in order the Gram staining process (be specific)- 4th Step 4. A red dye such as Safranin is added for 30-60 seconds and then rinsed and blotted dry. Gram-positive remains purple and gram-negative is red.
What is the relative power and degree of pathogenicity possessed by organisms to produce disease? Attenuation Reservoir Synergism Virulence Virulence
What are microorganisms that exist as part of the normal microbial flora but can become pathogenic under certain conditions and result in disease? Communicable Exogenous Opportunists Sporadic Opportunists
The Yersinia pestis microorganism is transmitted by which arthropod vector? Flea Mosquito Tick Tsetse fly Flea
What type of immunity is someone people born with? Acquired Active Innate Passive Innate
Which of the following is a chemical in the body that uses water to break down the peptidoglycan layer in prokaryotic pathogens? Antibody Immunoglobulin Interferon Lysozyme Lysozyme
What is a foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies? Agglutinates Antigen Cytolysin Interferon Antigen
Which of the following is an example of a physiological defense mechanism of the body against infection? Bone encasement Gastric juices Inflammation Intact mucous membranes Inflammation
Attenuation affects a pathogen by: Allowing it to reproduce Increasing its growth rate Increasing its virulence Reducing its pathogenicity Reducing its pathogenicity
Botulism is caused by which Bacterium? Clostridium botulinum Clostridium perfringens Coxiella burnetii Francisella tularensis Clostridium botulinum
Typhoid fever, food poisoning, and undulant fever are diseases spread through which portal of entry? Digestive tract Genitourinary tract Respiratory tract Skin and mucous membranes Digestive tract
Tetanus, malaria, yellow fever, African sleeping sickness, typhoid fever are diseases spread through which portal of entry? Digestive tract Genitourinary tract Respiratory tract Skin and mucous membranes Skin and mucous membranes
The flushing action of urine through the urinary tract would be an example of which type of defense against infection? Chemical Mechanical Natural Physiological Mechanical
Diseases that are communicable from animals or animal products are known as what? Airborne Fomites Iodophores Zoonoses Zoonoses
What is the natural habitat of a disease-causing organism called? Host Pathogen Reservoir Vector Reservoir
If a microorganism is virulent enough to resist pharmaceuticals designed to reduce disease it is referred to as drug-fast. True False True
The presence of bacteria in the blood is known as viremia. True False False
Infections caused by organisms not present in the body are known as exogenous infections. True False True
Up to 50% of women infected with the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae are asymptomatic (show no obvious signs of the disease). True False True
Biological vectors are vectors in or on which growth and development of the infective agent do not occur. True False False
Fecal-oral and sexual transmission are examples of direct transmission of a disease. True False True
Salmonella species can be transmitted to humans by a flea bite. True False False
Tetanus would affect the body by damaging the cells of the small intestine, causing extreme diarrhea. True False False
Environmental reservoirs are largely found in water and soil. True False True
The relative ability of the body to defend itself against infection is known as resistance. True False True
Mode of transmission is not part of the chain of infection. True False False
The portal of entry of the pathogen is a factor influencing the occurrence of a disease. True False True
All human remains are to be treated as though they are not infectious. True False False
Embalmers should always wash their hands on leaving the embalming room and shower after embalming. True False True
The resistance of the host is a factor influencing the occurrence of disease. True False True
The virulence of the organisms is not a factor influencing the occurrence of disease. True False False
The resistance of the host is not a factor influencing the occurrence of disease. True False False
Always wear appropriate PPE, gloves, face shield, mask, full-length gown, head and shoe covers when embalming. True False True
With Covid-19, handle deceased’s clothing with care to inhibit aerosolization of microorganisms. True False True
Always disinfect all work surfaces, instruments, equipment, and floors in the embalming room after each embalming. True False True
An epidemic that has become very widespread or is worldwide Pandemic
A disease that may be transmitted directly or indirectly from one person to another Communicable
A disease that occurs continuously in a particular region Endemic
The state of producing or being able to produce pathological changes and disease Pathogenicity
A disease or condition that is currently in higher than normal numbers in a given community Epidemic
The first infection that a host has after a period of health from which a second infection develops Primary Infection
A bacterial toxin that is liberated only when the cell producing it disintegrates Endotoxin
Infection caused by two or more organisms Mixed infection
A bacterial toxin produced within a living cell and secreted into its surrounding medium Exotoxin
An infection in which the organisms are originally confined to one area but enter the blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body Focal infection
An arthropod vector in which the disease-causing organism multiplies or develops within the arthropod prior to becoming infective Biological vector
Any inanimate object that harbors a disease agent and may serve to transmit it Fomite
The act of introducing pathogens or infectious material into or on an inanimate object Contamination
A condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood Septicemia
The presence of toxins in the blood Toxemia
Which of the following diseases is characterized by sore throat, fever, fatigue, swelling of the neck, and a tough grayish pseudo membrane in the throat? Diptheria Rheumatic fever Shigellosis Typhoid Diptheria
Which of the following bacteria causes the postmortem condition known as tissue gas? Clostridium botulinum Clostridium perfringens Clostridium tetani Corynebacteria Clostridium perfringens
Which of the following diseases is characterized by the presence of a measles-like rash on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet? Lymphogranuloma venereum Q fever Rocky Mountain spotted fever Tuberculosis Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease caused by a streptococcal infection that occurs mainly in children and teens ages 4-14 where it develops as a type of arthritis? Borrelia burgdorferi Botulism Rheumatic fever Typhoid fever Rheumatic fever
In which of the following diseases might the tongue be covered with a white fur, or discolored black and rolled up in the back of the mouth? Epidemic typhus Parrot fever Q fever Rocky Mountain spotted fever Epidemic typhus
Which of the following prion diseases is a progressive disease that causes spongiform degeneration of the brain? Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Hantavirus Inclusion disease Rabies Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Which of the following pathogens is transmitted by the bite of the Anopheles mosquito? Entamoeba histolytica Giardia lamblia Plasmodium malariae Toxoplasma gondii Plasmodium malariae
Which of the following diseases is characterized by a bull's-eye rash? Anthrax Lyme disease Toxic shock syndrome Lyme disease
Which sexually transmitted disease can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease in women, and a condition known as opthalmia neonatorum in newborn babies? Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes Syphilis Gonorrhea
Which form of anthrax occurs when wounds become contaminated with anthrax spores, leading to the development of an eschar? Cutaneous anthrax Gastrointestinal anthrax Inhalation anthrax Woolsorter's disease Cutaneous anthrax
Which stage of syphilis is noted by the appearance of a chancre, which is a small, hard, ulcer at the site of infection? Primary Stage Secondary Stage Tertiary Stage Final Stage Primary stage
What is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, is common among children ages 5-15, and is characterized by sore throat, fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain? Otitis Media Pnemonia Strep Throat Pneumococcal meningitis Strep throat
Dark hemorrhagic discolorations on the body and buboes on the lymph nodes would be characteristic of which disease? Bubonic plague Puerperal sepsis Syphilis Tuberculosis Bubonic plague
What is a chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis that is one of the leading causes of blindness? Ornithosis Psittacosis Trachoma Typhus Trachoma
Rabies, Polio, Encephalitis, and West Nile virus would be considered which type of disease? Dermatropic Neurotropic Pneumotropic Viscerotropic Neurotropic
Which virus causes chicken pox, and can later be reactivated as shingles? Hantavirus Herpes simplex 2 virus Varicella-zoster virus Variola virus Varicella-zoster virus
Ringworm of the groin, commonly referred to as jock itch is known as which of the following? Tinea capitis Tinea cruris Tinea immitis Tinea pedis Tinea cruris
Which fungal diseases can cause thrush in infants, yeast infections in women, moist skin infections in diabetics and obese people, and nosocomial bloodstream infections? Aspergillosis Candidiasis Fungal meningitis Histoplasmosis Candidiasis
Which of the following diseases is spread through handling contaminated cat feces? Cryptosporidiosis Giardia Histoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis
Which of the following is the most commonly identified waterborne illness in the United States? Amebiasis Cryptosporidiosis Giardiasis Toxoplasmosis Giardiasis
Which of the following is spread via the fecal-oral route by the ingestion of contaminated water and food, and is not chronic? Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis A, B, and C Hepatitis A
Which is a protozoan disease that has caused epidemics from contaminated drinking water, swimming pools, and daycare centers, and causes cramping, nausea, and profuse watery diarrhea? Aspergillosis Coccidioidomycosis Cryptosporidiosis Toxoplasmosis Coccidioidomycosis
Which of the following is a respiratory illness spread through contact with rodent droppings? Encephalitis Hantavirus Influenza SARS Hantavirus
Which of the following diseases is caused by eating contaminated seafood and leads to "rice-water" stool, shock, and increased blood viscosity? Asiatic cholera Botulism Legionnaires' disease Listerosis Asiatic cholera
Which of the following infections could be acquired after stepping on a nail, and could cause death by asphyxiation? Diptheria Lyme disease Tetanus Tularemia Tetanus
The organism causing tuberculosis may live in dried sputum for weeks. True False True
Viruses such as smallpox, measles, and chickenpox that have characteristic lesions on the skin are known as pneumotropic viruses. True False False
A virus is an intracellular, infectious parasite capable of living and replicating only in living cells. True False True
The causative agent of tissue gas is Clostridium perfringens. True False True
In its second form, or reticulate body, Chlamydia is infectious. True False False
Cold sores and fever blisters are caused by the herpes simplex 1 virus. True False True
There are more protozoa in the world than any other microorganism. True False True
Escherichia coli is spread through the inhalation of respiratory droplets. True False False
Central Nervous System diseases are known as Neurotropic. True False True
African Sleeping Sicknesses are spread by the tsetse fly. True False True
Match the disease with the microorganism. BUBONIC PLAGUE Yersinia pestis Neisseria gonorrhoaea Staphylococcus aureus Treponema pallidum Helibacter pylori Yersinia pestis
Match the disease with the microorganism. GONORRHEA Yersinia pestis Neisseria gonorrhoaea Staphylococcus aureus Treponema pallidum Helicobacter pylori Neisseria gonorrhoaea
Match the disease with the microorganism SKIN AND WOUND INFECTIONS Yersinia pestis Neisseria gonorrhoaea Staphylococcus aureus Treponema pallidum Helibacter pylori Staphylococcus aureus
Match the disease with the microorganism STOMACH ULCERS Yersinia pestis Neisseria gonorrhoaea Staphylococcus aureus Treponema pallidum Helibacter pylori Helicobacter pylori
Match the disease with the microorganism SYPHILIS Yersinia pestis Neisseria gonorrhoaea Staphylococcus aureus Treponema pallidum Helibacter pylori Treponema pallidum
Match the disease with the microorganism (AIDS) 1)HIV 2) Varicella-zoster virus 3) Influenza virus 4)Rubella virus 5) Epstein-Barr virus 1) HIV
Match the disease with the microorganism CHICKEN POX, SHINGLES 1)HIV 2) Varicella-zoster virus 3) Influenza virus 4)Rubella virus 5) Epstein-Barr virus 2) Varicella-zoster virus
Match the disease with the microorganism FLU 1)HIV 2) Varicella-zoster virus 3) Influenza virus 4)Rubella virus 5) Epstein-Barr virus 3) Influenza virus
Match the disease with the microorganism. GERMAN MEASELES 1)HIV 2) Varicella-zoster virus 3) Influenza virus 4)Rubella virus 5) Epstein-Barr virus 4)Rubella virus
Match the disease with the microorganism. 1)HIV 2) Varicella-zoster virus 3) Influenza virus 4)Rubella virus 5) Epstein-Barr virus 5) Epstein-Barr virus
the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms are killed in 10 minutes thermal death point
the minimum time it takes to kill all microorganisms present thermal death time
the time in minutes it takes to kill 90% of the present microorganisms decimal reduction time
burning of hazardous waste. A form of sterilization because the vegetative bacteria and the endospore are inactivated during incineration incineration
Does dry heat or moist heat kill bacteria better? Moist heat kills better
Bladder infections, syphilis, gonorrhea, and AIDS are examples of disease spread through which portal of entry? Digestive tract Genitourinary tract Respiratory tract Skin and mucous membranes Genitourinary tract
Created by: Laceysue
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