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Exam 5

General microbiology - BIO 175

QuestionAnswer
Function of skin - Prevents excessive water loss - Regulates temperature - Involved in vitamin D formation - Barrier against microbial invaders
Two main layers of skin 1) Dermis 2) Epidermis
Wounds - Trauma to any tissue of the body (tissue damage) - Allow microbes to infect the deeper tissues of the body
Skin microbiota - Normally harmless microbes present in the skin - Compete with potential pathogens for nutrients and space - Not completely removed through cleansing - Grow in moist areas of the skin - Waste products cause body odor
Pyogenic Produce pus (Staphylococcus aureus)
Furuncles Spread of infections into surrounding tissues
Carbuncles Occur when multiple furuncles grow together
Skin microbiota made up of various microbes - Yeast (malassezia) - Bacteria (staphylococcus, micrococcus, diptheriosis)
Skin microbiota can cause disease if Penetrates epidermis or if immune system is suppressed
Caries Appears as holes or pits in the teeth
Periodontal Gums that are swollen, tender, bright red, or bleeding
Tartar Calcium salts mineralize plaque
Respiratory system Exchanges gases between the atmosphere and the blood
Components of the upper respiratory system 1. Nose 2. Nasal cavity 3. Pharynx 4. Uvula
Components of the lower respiratory system 1. Larynx 2. Trachea 3. Bronchi 4. Alveoli 5. Diaphragm 6. Various protective components (Ciliated mucous membrane, alveolar macrophages and secretory antibodies)
Microbiome of LR Typically organisms are not present
Microbiome of UR - Colonized by many microorganisms - Normal microbiome limits growth of pathogens - Normal microbiome may be opportunistic pathogens
Gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) - The pathways from mouth to the anus - Most organs are protected by de peritoneum
Accessory digestive organs Organs involve in grinding food or providing digestive secretions
Gastrointestinal tract 1. Digest food 2. Absorbs nutrients and water into blood 3. Eliminates waste
Components of GI tract 1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Small intestine 5. Large intestine 6. Rectum and anus
Accessory of digestive organs 1. Tongue and teeth 2. Salivary glands 3. Liver 4. Gallbladder 5. Pancreas
Esophagus, stomach and duodenum - These regions are more free of microbes - Peristalsis and rapid transport of food help prevent microbial colonization
Tongue, teeth, jejunum, ileum, colon and rectum Viridans streptococci are most prevalent in this region
Lower intestines and colon - Microbiota here are microbial antagonist -Mucous membrane prevents entry of microbes into the bloodstream
Axenic Low respiratory organs
What causes life-threating illness? Bacterial of the lower respiratory system
Three types of tuberculosis 1) Primary 2) Secondary 3) Disseminated
Primary Tuberculosis Formation of small, hard nodules (tubercles) in lungs
Secondary Tuberculosis Bacterium rupture from tubercles and reestablish active infection in lungs
Disseminated - Macrophages carry bacterium to bone marrow , kidneys, spleen, spinal cord, and brain - Results in wasting away of body (consumption)
Bacterial gastroenteritis Inflammation of stomach or intestines (associated with contaminated food)
Antimicrobial-Associated Diarrhea toxins Toxins mediate inflammation and pseudomembrane formation
Toxin A Breaks down junctions between epithelial cells resulting in inflammation and fluid loss (diarrhea)
Toxin B Kills epithelial cells and induces formation of lesions (pseudomembrane colitis)
Norovirus - Non enveloped -Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus
Rotavirus - Nonenveloped - Double-stranded, segmented RNA virus
Created by: anahdzv
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