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VCE Biology 2022 LTU

TermDefinition
Nucleic acids A complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain
Protein synthesis The process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation.
DNA The molecule inside cells that contains the genetic information responsible for the development and function of an organism.
ribonucleic acid (RNA) A nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.
ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) Molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome.
tRNA Are molecules that translate genetic information into protein sequence by delivering amino acids to the protein synthesis machinery during translation.
mRNA Are molecules that carry the genetic information needed to make proteins. They carry the information from the DNA in the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm where the proteins are made.
DNA structure Nucleotides are arranged in two long strands that form a spiral called a double helix.
What 3 components make the DNA structure? phosphate, deoxyribose (sugar) and a nucleotide(A, T, G & C)
What is a unit of DNA called? Nucleotide.
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA? Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
Complementary base pairing Where in DNA guanine bonds to cytosine (though 3 hydrogen bonds) and adenine binds to thymine (2 hydrogen bonds).
Transcription The first half of protein synthesis, the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).
Translation the second half of protein synthesis, the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
Created by: Sarah21724
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