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8ES Chp 13:Oceans

8th Grade Earth Science Chapter 13: Oceans Coach Leach

TermDefinition
ocean A vast body of salt water that separates the continents.
sea A large section of ocean that is mostly surrounded by land or islands.
sea level The level of the sea's surface at a particular place and time; changes with rising and falling tides.
shore The strip of land bounced by the lowest and highest tides that separates the coastal region from the ocean.
beach The portion of the coast that is shaped by sea level and wave action; includes the berm, the shore and any longshore bars produced by breaking waves.
continental shelf The shallow, submerged edge of continents extending from the beach.
continental slope The steeper incline from the lip of the continental shelf into the deep ocean basin.
submarine canyon An underwater erosional feature often found in a continental slope that seems to have been formed by turbidity currents.
continental rise A thick deposit of loose sediments that creates a transition from the continental slope to the deep, relatively flat ocean floor.
abyssal plain The relatively flat, deep sea floor of an ocean basin.
mid ocean ridge A submerged mountain system uplifted by rising mantle rock at a divergent boundary between oceanic tectonic plates.
seamount A submerged mountain.
oceanic trench Deep, relatively narrow troughs in the ocean floor found in subduction zones adjacent to convergent plate boundaries.
island arc A long, curved string of volcanic islands formed by submarine volcanoes along the margins of converging tectonic plates.
coral reef A massive underwater geologic feature that forms in relatively shallow tropical waters from the secretions of coral polyp colonies.
atoll A ring of low coral islands and reefs surrounding a central lagoon.
salinity The amount of dissolved salts in water from any source.
benthic organism An animal or plant that lives on or is anchored to the ocean bottom.
pelagic organism Animals and plants that are active swimmers or that drift with ocean currents.
carbon cycle The flow of the element carbon and its compounds between Earth's carbon reservoirs.
nitrogen cycle The flow of the element nitrogen and its compounds between the nitrogen reservoirs.
mean sea level The calculated average height of high and low tides in a particular location; used by cartographers, mariners, and aircraft pilots to measure elevation, ocean depth, and altitude.
Created by: CoachLeach
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