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1010 Unit 2
Nicholas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth (lips, tongue and mucos membranes) |
| Gastritis Chronic Type B | Unrelieved by antacids, ulcer like symptoms, fatigue and anemia |
| PUD | Peptic Ulcer Disease |
| Septic | A systemic inflammatory response to infection, in which there is fever or hypoevidence of inadequate blood flow to internal organs |
| Flaccid bladder | Can't feel or contract, no control. Cholinergies (Urecholine) |
| Spastic bladder | A reaction of an overfull bladder. Anticholinergies (Detrol LA, Ditropan) |
| Ascites | The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| Visceral proteins | Albumin & Prealbumin |
| Albumin | carries drugs and hormones and is responsable for oncotic pressure in vascular system. 28 day turn around. Value below 3 is bad |
| Prealbumin | 3 day half life. Used to measure progress. |
| Nitrogen Balance | Anabolism (+) / Catabolism (-) |
| Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PCM) | A deficiency in both Protein and calories. |
| Marasmus | Generalized wasting and absense of subcutaneous fat caused by malnutrition. |
| Kwashiorkor | A severe protein deficiency, type of malnutrition of children |
| Obesity | Excess of adipose tissue |
| Lipase Inhibitors | Gives uncontrolable gas and inhibits fat metabolism. |
| Types of surgery for obesity | Vertical band gastroplasty, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and lap banding. |
| Complications from Bariatric Surgery | Bleeding, Leaking from staple line, Dumping syndrome, DVT, Hernias, Nutritional deficiencies and the need to avoid pregnancy for 1 year. |
| Gastric Product | Must be broken down to absorb |
| Small Bowel Product | Already for absorption |
| Needed for feeding from 2 to 3 months | (NET) Nasoenteric Tube |
| Need for feeding over 3 months | Post pyloric |
| Post pyloric | Red Robin tube that comes out of abdomenal wall and can be either (PEG) or (PEJ) |
| (PEG) | Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy |
| (PEJ) | Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy |
| W.A.W. | Water 30cc / Administer / Water 30cc |
| Disease Specific Formulas can be made for: | renal, hepatic, pulmonary, critical care/trauma, glucose intolerant, HIV/AIDS |
| Hepatic pertains to: | Liver |
| Never Bolus | Post-Pyloric Feedings |
| Bolus feedings are given: | 4-5x/day |
| 1 can of formula = | 240cc |
| How do you prevent Apriration Pneumonia | Assess lung sounds q4h, Listen for crackles, rhonchi and other lung sounds, check for fever and increase HOB to 30 minimum but 45 is desired. |
| Gastrointestinal complications (Diarrhea) | May be caused by meds, liquid meds or formula |
| TPN Formulas | Dextrose 20%-70%, Amino Acids, Vitamins&Minerals and Fats. |
| PPN | Patial Parenteral Nutrition. 5%-10% Dextrose + the rest. May cause phlebitus. |
| Pneumothorax | Puncturing the lung and allowing air to enter the lung and collapse. Need Chest tube |
| Hemothorax | Dumping blood into the lung and causing it to collapse. Need Chest tube |
| Arrhythmias | Could possibly place catherter into right atrium and cause sinus tachycardia |
| GERD | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
| ILES | Incompetent Lower Esophageal Sphincter |
| GERD is the | backward flow of gastric contents into the esophogus due to an ILES |
| EGD | Esophagogastroduodenscopy. Allows you to take biopsy, treat and perform diagnostics. |
| pH monitoring | Determines the degree of acid reflux. |
| Barium Swallow | Used to evaluate esophagus, stomach and upper small intestine |
| Upper endoscopy | permits direct visualization of the esophagus, and obtaining tissue for a biopsy. |
| 24-Hour ambulatory pH monitoring | Performed to establish the diagnosis of GERD. |
| Esophageal manometry | measures pressures of the esophageal sphincters and esophageal peristalsis. |
| Antacids | relieves mild to moderate symptoms by neutralizing stomach acid. |
| Proton-Pummp Inhibitors (PPI) | Reduce gastric secretions. Promotes healing of erosive esophagitis and also relieves symptoms. |
| Histamine2-receptor (H2-receptor)BLOCKERS | reduces gastric acid production and effective in treating GERD symptoms. |
| Hiatal Hernia | Part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity. |
| Sliding Hiatal Hernia | The gastroesophageal junction and fundus of the stomach slide upward through the esophageal hiatus |
| Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia | The esophagus and the stomach remain in their place while part of the stomach herniates through the esophageal hiatus. |
| Odynophagia | Pain with swallowing. |
| Prostaglandin analogs | Promote ulcer healing by stimulating mucus and bicarbonate secretions and by inhibiting acid secretion. |
| Zollinger-Ellison syndrome | peptic ulcer disease caused by a gastrinoma, or gastrin-secreting tumor of the pancreas, stomach or intestine. |
| Peptic Ulcer Disease | a break in the mucous lining of the gastrointestinal tract where it comes in contact with gastric juice |
| B12 | Normal Values (200-1000pg/ml) |
| Gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach lining, results from irritation of the gastric mucosa. |
| Primary disorders of the UGI | Erosive gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and esophageal varices |
| Serotonin Receptor Antagonists | Supress N/V by blocking the effect of serotonin on vagal afferent nerves that stimilate the vomiting center |
| Dopamine Antagonist | act by blocking dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Used to suppress N/V |
| Antihistimines | Used to treat N/V associated with motion sickness. They block histamine and acetylocholine receptors in the neural pathwat from the inner ear to the vomiting center. |
| Gastrinoma | a gastrin-secreting tumor associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
| Hematemesis | The vomiting of blood |
| Hematochezia | The passage of bright red blood in the stool |
| Hypovolemia | A decreased blood volume that may be caused by internal or external bleeding, fluid losses, or inadequate fluid intake. |
| Interferon | Any of a group of glycoproteins with antiviral activity. Produced by leukocytes and fibroblasts in response to invasion by a pathogen, particularly a virus |
| Icteric | Jaundice |
| Ischemia | A temporary deficiency of blood flow to an organ or tissue. |
| Syncope | Transient and usually sudden loss of consciousness, accomplanied by an inability to maintain an upright posture. |
| Varices | A tortuous dilatation of a vein. |
| Histamine 2 - Receptor Antagonists | Cimetidine (Tagamet), Famotidine (Pepcid) and Ranitidine (Zantac) |
| Cimetidine (Tagamet) | Histamine 2, Receptor Antagonist |
| Famotidine (Pepcid) | Histamine 2, Receptor Antagonist |
| Ranitidine (Zantac) | Histamine 2, Receptor Antagonist |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors | Omeprazole (Prilosec), Lansoprazole (Prevacid) and Pantoprazole (Protonix) |
| Omeprazole (Prilosec) | Proton Pump Inhibitors |
| Lansoprazole (Prevacid) | Proton Pump Inhibitors |
| Pantoprazole (Protonix) | Proton Pump Inhibitors |
| Antibiotics for H. Pylori infection: | Metronidazole (Flagyl), Clarithromycin (Biaxin) and Amoxicillin (Amoxil) |
| Metronidazole (Flagyl) | Antibiotics for H. Pylori infection |
| Clarithromycin (Biaxin) | Antibiotics for H. Pylori infection |
| Amoxicillin (Amoxil) | Antibiotics for H. Pylori infection |
| Laxatives | Bulk forming-Psyllium (Metamucil) / Surfactant-Docusate sodium (Colace) |
| Bulk forming-Psyllium (Metamucil) | Laxative |
| Surfactant-Docusate sodium (Colace) | Laxative |
| Anti-emetics | Promethazine (Phenergan), Prochlorperazine (Compazine), Metoclopramide (Reglan), Ondansetron (Zofran) and Dolasetron (Anzemet) |
| Promethazine (Phenergan) | Anti-emetics |
| Prochlorperazine (Compazine) | Anti-emetics |
| Metoclopramide (Reglan) | Anti-emetics |
| Metoclopramide (Reglan), | Anti-emetics |
| Dolasetron (Anzemet) | Anti-emetics |
| Anti-diarrheals | Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) and Loperamide (Imodium) |
| Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) | Anti-diarrheals |
| Loperamide (Imodium) | Anti-diarrheals |
| LLQ colostomy | Sigmoid |
| ULQ colostomy | Descending |
| URQ upper center colostomy | Transverse |
| URQ centered colostomy | Ascending |
| URQ small colostomy | Ileostomy |
| Anticholinergics SLUDGE | Decrease of Salivation / Lacrimation / Urinary retention / Diarrhea / GI juices / Eyes blurred |
| Post-Operative GI assessment | Dressing / Respiratory system / Abdominal&Ambulate assessment / Pain medicine & Patency of the tubes / Elimination / Splint |
| For hip surgery: Do Not | Bend your hip past 90 degrees |
| For hip surgery: Do Not | point your toes together |
| For hip surgery: Do Not | cross your legs |
| For hip surgery: Do Not | twist |
| L.O.A. Independent | pt transfers without assistance or equipment |
| L.O.A. Supervision | pt transfers with someone observing and giving cues as needed |
| L.O.A. Stand-by Assist | pt transfers with someone nearby , provising cues and ready to assist if needed |
| L.o.A. Minimal Assist | pt does at least 75% of work |
| L.O.A. Moderate Assist | pt does 50-74% of work |
| L.O.A. Maximal Assist | pt does 25-49% of work |
| Dependent | Pt does less than 25% of work |
| Dependent +2 or more | Pt needs more than 1 person to help move |
| FWB | Full Weight Bearing, no restriction |
| WBAT | Weight bearing as tolerated, pt lets pain be their guide |
| PWB | Partial weight bearing, can bear 25% of body weight |
| TTWB/TDWB | toe touch weight bearing/touch down weight bearing, affects limb used for balance only. |
| NWB | non-weight bearing |
| Types of transfers | Squat pivot / Stand pivot / Sliding board / Mechanical lift |
| 2010 National Patient Safety Goals | Improve accuracy of pt identification: atleast 2 pt identifiers |
| 2010 National Patient Safety Goals | Improve communication among caregivers: report critical results quickly |
| 2010 National Patient Safety Goals | Improve the safety of using medications: Label all medications |
| 2010 National Patient Safety Goals | Reduce the risk of health care associated infections: hand hygeines guidlines |
| 2010 National Patient Safety Goals | Reconcile medications: across the continuum of care |
| 2010 National Patient Safety Goals | Identify safety risks inherent in the patient population: risks for ? |
| Aphasia | Absense or impairment of the ability to communicate |
| Apraxia | In ability to perform purposive movements. In ability to use objects properly |
| Dysarthria | Impairments or clumsiness in the uttering of words due to disease that affects the oral, lingual or pharyngeal muscles. |
| Nector Thick | 1-2 tbsp |
| Honey Thick | 2-3 tbsp |
| IV rate calc | #ml/#hr = ml/hr |
| IV rate calc gtts | #ml X DF/#hr = gtts/min |
| Hyponatremia | A decreased concentration of sodium |
| Achalasia | Failure to relax, such as those positioned between the lower esophagus and the stomach |
| Helicobacter pylori | bacterium that causes 90% of peptic ulcers and 80% of gastric ulcers. |
| Borborygmus | A gurgling, splashing sound normally heard over the large intestine |
| Total Bilirubin | the total bilirubin in the blood, includes both indirect and direct forms |
| Direct bilirubin | biilrubin in the liver is seperated from the potien and converted into a soluble form |
| Indirect Bilirubin | formed from hemoglobin. The aging or abnormal RBCs are removed from circulation and destroyed. It is then bound to potein and transported to the liver. |
| Familial Polypopsia | Person develops 100s upon 100s of polyps. |
| Unconjugated Bilirubin | Undirect Bilirubin |
| Conjugated Bilirubin | Direct Bilirubin |
| Direct Levels of Bilirubin | Rise when there is an obstruction within the liter (hepatits) |
| Indirect Levels of Bilirubin | Rise when there is obstruction in the spleen of before the spleen (Sickle cell) |
Created by:
Mercy Student
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