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Micro T1 cell struct
microorganism cell structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Coccus (cocci) | round |
| possible coccus configurations | single, diplo, strepto, staphlo, tetrad, sarcina |
| Bacillus (bacili) | rod shaped |
| monomorphism | one shape |
| pleomorphism | same organism but many different shapes |
| what can determine bacterial actual size? | genetics and environment |
| main component of bacteria | water (70%) |
| what makes up the dry weight of the bacteria? | mostly protein and RNA/DNA |
| capsule | composed of polymers, hard layer, regulated by genetics and environment |
| slime | composed of polymers, loosely attached layer, hydrated, regulated by genetics and environment |
| about the capsule... | related to virulence, not essential for survival, more resistance with capsule |
| flagella (for what?) | movement |
| flagella (how many?) | from 0 to 100 per cell |
| monotritious | 1 flagella |
| pleotritious | more than 1 flagella per cell |
| flagella (how long?) | as long as 50um |
| flagella (diameter?) | very thin,smaller than a eukaryotic microtubule |
| fimbriae (for what?) | for attachment, helps form biofilms |
| fimbriae (made of?) | helically wound proteins |
| pili (made of?) | helically wound proteins |
| pili (what for?) | transferring genetic info. (conjugation) |
| pili/fimbriae more common in G- of G+? | more common in G- |
| cell wall (for what?) | strong rigid osmotic barrier |
| L-form | permanent loss of cell wall |
| mycoplasma | naturally occurs with no cell wall |
| Protoplast | A G+ with cell wall removed by lysozyme |
| spheroplast | G- treated with lysozyme and EDTA |
| G- cell wall | thin, multiple layers, more lipids, less polysacharrides |
| G+ cell wall | thick, one layer, less lipids, more polysacharrides |
| LPS | is an endotoxin |
| flagella (motion) | like a rotor, not a whip |
| G+ | have teichoic acid and are succeptible to penicillin |
| bacterial cell membrane content | no cholesterol |
| nucleoid | nuclear area, contains only one DNA molecule |
| ribosomes | only free-floating, smaller than eukaryote, about 40% of dry weight |
| carboxysomes | fix carbon using RUBISCO (photosynthetic bacteria) |
| gas vacuoles | regulate bouyancy |
| magnetosomes | allow orientation in a magnetic field, deposits of iron oxide |
| inclusions | collection of waste, collection of nutrients |
| endospores (where?) | only in bacteria |
| endospores (What?) | normal DNA/RNA, some unique proteins, lots of calcium and dipicolinic acid |
| endospore (for what?) | survival of bacteria through hard times, dormancy (but only if endospore is a standard part of the organisms life cycle) |
| endospore (activation) | by abrasion or heat shock |
| endospore (germination) | swell, absorb water, excrete calcium dipicolinate |
| endospore (commonly found in) | aerobic Bacillus and anaerobic Clostridium |
Created by:
smartguy97
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