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A&P CHAPTER 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atoms | Made up of subatomic particles |
| Molecules | Two or more atoms |
| Macromolecules | Small molecules joined together (Large molecule) |
| Organelles | Made up of macromolecules -Combine to form cells |
| Cells | Basic structural and function unit of the body |
| Tissues | Groups of cells working together to perform a function |
| 4 Basic types Tissue | Epithelial , Connective, Muscle, Nerve |
| Organs | Two or more tissues joined together with a specific function and shape |
| Organ Systems | A group of organs that perform a general function -11 systems |
| Integumentary system | C: Skin, Hair, Glands F: Protection, Regulate body temperature, Eliminates waster, Vitamin D, Sensation |
| Skeletal System | C: Bines, Joints, Cartilage F: Support, Protection, Body movement, Produces blood cells, Stores minerals & fats |
| Muscular System | C: Skeletal Muscle F: Body movement, Posture, Generate heat |
| Nervous System | C:Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves, Special Sense organs F: Action potential (Nerve impulses), Detects, interprets, and responds to changes in environment |
| Endocrine System | C:Hormone- producing gland cells F: Regulates body activities |
| Cardiovascular System | C: Blood, Heart, Blood vessels F: Pumps blood, Carrie O2 and nutrients to cells and wastes away , regulates temperature, acid-base balance |
| Lymphatic System | C: lymph fluid & vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils F: transports dietary lipids, protection |
| Respiratory System | C: lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree F: exchange of gases, acid-base balance, sound production |
| Digestive System | C: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas F: breakdown of food, absorption of food, eliminates wastes |
| Urinary System | C: kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra F: eliminates waste, regulate blood composition & volume, acid-base balance |
| Reproductive System | C: ovaries, testes, associated structures F: produce gametes, hormone regulation of reproduction |
| Characteristics of Life | Movement Digestion Responsiveness Absorption Growth Circulation Reproduction Assimilation Respiration Excretion Differentiation |
| Maintenance of Life | Water Food Oxygen Heat Pressure |
| Homeostasis | Maintaining of a stable internal environment -Maintaining the volume and composition of body fluids -Intracellular (ICF) -Extracellular (ECF) |
| Homeostatic control mechanisms | Components Control center Effector |
| Components | Receptor that monitor changes Sends info to control center |
| Control center | Evaluates input and generates output |
| Effector | Receives output from control center Produces a response |
| Balance is regulated by Nervous | Action potentials Rapid |
| Endocrine | Hormones Slow |
| Negative feedback | Corrects and action Most common; prevents sudden, severe changes in the body Creates stability EX: Body temp, BP, Glucose regulation |
| Positive feedback | Enhances and action Uncommon loop Increases (accelerates) actions of the body Causes instability EX: blood clotting, child birth |
| Dorsal Cavity | Cranial cavity; brain Vertebral canal; spinal cord |
| Ventral body cavity | Thoracic cavity; heart & lungs Abdominal cavity; digestive organs, spleen, kidney Pelvic cavity; bladder, terminal end of digestive tract, reproductive system |
| Diaphragm | separates thoracic and abdominal cavity |
| Orbital cavity | Eyes, eyeball muscles, optic nerves, lacrimal tear ducts |
| Nasal Cavity | parts that form the nose |
| Buccal Cavity | teeth and tongue |
| Anatomical position | Standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out |
| Sagittal (Medial) | Left and right portion |
| Mid-sagittal | Equal left and right portions |
| Transverse (Horizontal) | Superior and inferior portion |
| Frontal (Coronal) | Anterior and posterior portion |
| Visceral layer | Inner layer; covers an organ |
| Parietal layer | Outer layer; lines wall of cavity |
| Thoracic membranes | Visceral pleura, Parietal pleura , Visceral pericardium, Parietal pericardium |
| Abdominopelvic Membranes | Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum |
| The pericardium contains | The heart |
| Which layer of the pericardium is closest to the heart? | Pericardium cavity |
| The palms are proximal/distal to the shoulder? | Distal |
| Body cavity that enclose the lungs | Visceral peritoneum |
| Membrane that covers organs in the abdominal cavity and upper portion of the pelvic cavity | Abdominopelvic |
| Plane that divides the body into superior and inferior section | Transverse |
| Term that means towards the midline of the body | Medial |
| Term that means further away from the origin | Distal |
| Correct order for the levels of organization starting with the simplest? | A_____> C_____> T______> O____>O____>O_______ |
| Posterior | back |
| Caudal | towards the tail |
| Distal | away from the point of attachment |
| Medial | towards the midline |
| Cranial | towards the head |
| Superficial | at or near the surface |
| Deep | towards inferior of body farther from surface |
| Proximal | towards point of attachment of a limb |
| Lateral | away from the midline |
| Superior | above |
| Inferior | below |
| Ventral | belly side up |
| Dorsal | back side |
| Anterior | the front surface |
| Body cavity >Organ? Cranial | brain |
| Body cavity >Organ? Spinal | spinal cord |
| Body cavity >Organ? Thoracic | pericardial cavity, pleural cavity (lungs), mediastinum( heart) |
| Body cavity >Organ? Pericardium | heart |
| Body cavity >Organ? Pleural | lungs |
| Body cavity >Organ? Abdominopelvic | abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, peritoneal |
| Body cavity >Organ? Abdominal | kidney, gallbladder, liver, small intestines, part of the large intestine, stomach, spleen, appendix, pancreas |
| Body cavity >Organ? Pelvic | bladder, reproductive organs, parts of colon, rectum |
| Body cavity >Organ? Peritoneal | Intraperitoneal: Stomach, liver, spleen, parts of colon, tail of the pancreas, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes Retroperitoneal: Kidneys, adrenal glands, parts of the colon |
| 5 environmental factors that support life | Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure |
| Epigastric region | below the sternum |
| R/L Hypochondriac | below the ribs |
| Umbilical | around the naval |
| R/L Lumbar | extend from the anterior to posterior |
| Hypogastric | pubic area |
| R/L Iliac | on sides of hypogastric region aka inguinal |
Created by:
golds_berry
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