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A&P CHAPTER 1

TermDefinition
Atoms Made up of subatomic particles
Molecules Two or more atoms
Macromolecules Small molecules joined together (Large molecule)
Organelles Made up of macromolecules -Combine to form cells
Cells Basic structural and function unit of the body
Tissues Groups of cells working together to perform a function
4 Basic types Tissue Epithelial , Connective, Muscle, Nerve
Organs Two or more tissues joined together with a specific function and shape
Organ Systems A group of organs that perform a general function -11 systems
Integumentary system C: Skin, Hair, Glands F: Protection, Regulate body temperature, Eliminates waster, Vitamin D, Sensation
Skeletal System C: Bines, Joints, Cartilage F: Support, Protection, Body movement, Produces blood cells, Stores minerals & fats
Muscular System C: Skeletal Muscle F: Body movement, Posture, Generate heat
Nervous System C:Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves, Special Sense organs F: Action potential (Nerve impulses), Detects, interprets, and responds to changes in environment
Endocrine System C:Hormone- producing gland cells F: Regulates body activities
Cardiovascular System C: Blood, Heart, Blood vessels F: Pumps blood, Carrie O2 and nutrients to cells and wastes away , regulates temperature, acid-base balance
Lymphatic System C: lymph fluid & vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils F: transports dietary lipids, protection
Respiratory System C: lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree F: exchange of gases, acid-base balance, sound production
Digestive System C: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas F: breakdown of food, absorption of food, eliminates wastes
Urinary System C: kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra F: eliminates waste, regulate blood composition & volume, acid-base balance
Reproductive System C: ovaries, testes, associated structures F: produce gametes, hormone regulation of reproduction
Characteristics of Life Movement Digestion Responsiveness Absorption Growth Circulation Reproduction Assimilation Respiration Excretion Differentiation
Maintenance of Life Water Food Oxygen Heat Pressure
Homeostasis Maintaining of a stable internal environment -Maintaining the volume and composition of body fluids -Intracellular (ICF) -Extracellular (ECF)
Homeostatic control mechanisms Components Control center Effector
Components Receptor that monitor changes Sends info to control center
Control center Evaluates input and generates output
Effector Receives output from control center Produces a response
Balance is regulated by Nervous Action potentials Rapid
Endocrine Hormones Slow
Negative feedback Corrects and action Most common; prevents sudden, severe changes in the body Creates stability EX: Body temp, BP, Glucose regulation
Positive feedback Enhances and action Uncommon loop Increases (accelerates) actions of the body Causes instability EX: blood clotting, child birth
Dorsal Cavity Cranial cavity; brain Vertebral canal; spinal cord
Ventral body cavity Thoracic cavity; heart & lungs Abdominal cavity; digestive organs, spleen, kidney Pelvic cavity; bladder, terminal end of digestive tract, reproductive system
Diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavity
Orbital cavity Eyes, eyeball muscles, optic nerves, lacrimal tear ducts
Nasal Cavity parts that form the nose
Buccal Cavity teeth and tongue
Anatomical position Standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out
Sagittal (Medial) Left and right portion
Mid-sagittal Equal left and right portions
Transverse (Horizontal) Superior and inferior portion
Frontal (Coronal) Anterior and posterior portion
Visceral layer Inner layer; covers an organ
Parietal layer Outer layer; lines wall of cavity
Thoracic membranes Visceral pleura, Parietal pleura , Visceral pericardium, Parietal pericardium
Abdominopelvic Membranes Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum
The pericardium contains The heart
Which layer of the pericardium is closest to the heart? Pericardium cavity
The palms are proximal/distal to the shoulder? Distal
Body cavity that enclose the lungs Visceral peritoneum
Membrane that covers organs in the abdominal cavity and upper portion of the pelvic cavity Abdominopelvic
Plane that divides the body into superior and inferior section Transverse
Term that means towards the midline of the body Medial
Term that means further away from the origin Distal
Correct order for the levels of organization starting with the simplest? A_____> C_____> T______> O____>O____>O_______
Posterior back
Caudal towards the tail
Distal away from the point of attachment
Medial towards the midline
Cranial towards the head
Superficial at or near the surface
Deep towards inferior of body farther from surface
Proximal towards point of attachment of a limb
Lateral away from the midline
Superior above
Inferior below
Ventral belly side up
Dorsal back side
Anterior the front surface
Body cavity >Organ? Cranial brain
Body cavity >Organ? Spinal spinal cord
Body cavity >Organ? Thoracic pericardial cavity, pleural cavity (lungs), mediastinum( heart)
Body cavity >Organ? Pericardium heart
Body cavity >Organ? Pleural lungs
Body cavity >Organ? Abdominopelvic abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, peritoneal
Body cavity >Organ? Abdominal kidney, gallbladder, liver, small intestines, part of the large intestine, stomach, spleen, appendix, pancreas
Body cavity >Organ? Pelvic bladder, reproductive organs, parts of colon, rectum
Body cavity >Organ? Peritoneal Intraperitoneal: Stomach, liver, spleen, parts of colon, tail of the pancreas, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes Retroperitoneal: Kidneys, adrenal glands, parts of the colon
5 environmental factors that support life Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
Epigastric region below the sternum
R/L Hypochondriac below the ribs
Umbilical around the naval
R/L Lumbar extend from the anterior to posterior
Hypogastric pubic area
R/L Iliac on sides of hypogastric region aka inguinal
Created by: golds_berry
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