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5/6- Ch. 4
States of Matter
Question | Answer |
---|---|
physical state of a material, whether a solid, a liquid, or a gas, which depends mostly on how the material's atoms and molecules are arranged and how they move | state of matter |
anything that has mass and takes up space and whose particles are in constant motion | matter |
states that the particles of all matter are in constant random motion | kinetic theory of matter |
temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid | melting point |
heat required to melt one kilogram of a solid at its melting point | heat of fusion |
temperature at which attractive forces trap particles in a cooling liquid and form crystals | freezing point |
temperature at which added heat energy causes the molecules of a liquid to move faster and the liquid's particles to enter the gaseous state in large numbers | boiling point |
amount of energy required to change one kilogram of a liquid into a gas | heat of vaporization |
process by which the fastest moving molecules of a liquid escape from the surface and form a gas | evaporation |
process where particles in a cooling gas slow down and come together to form droplets of liquid | condensation |
mixing of particles in a gas or a liquid | diffusion |
states that the pressure exerted on any point of a confined fluid is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid | Pascal's principle |
mass of an object divided by its volume | density |
states that when an object is placed in a fluid, the object weighs less by an amount equal to the weight of the displaced fluid | Archimedes' principle |
decrease in the weight of an object in a fluid due to the net upward force caused by the displaced fluid | buoyancy |