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Higher Human 3.3
3.3- Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is memory? | It is the capacity of the brain to store information, retain it and then retrieve it when required. |
| Define what encoding is. | Converting the sensory information to a form the brain can process and store. |
| What is storage? | The retention of information over a period of time. |
| What is retrieval? | Retrieval is the recovery of stored material. This involves the recall of information which has been stored in the short-term or long-term memory. |
| Memory is thought to involve 3 separate interacting levels. Name these. | Sensory memory Short-term memory Long-term memory |
| How long does the sensory memory last for? | The sensory memory only lasts a few seconds and retains all of the visual or auditory input. |
| What happens to the irrelevant and relevant pieces of sensory information? | Irrelevant sensory images quickly lost Relevant ‘selected’ images are transferred to the short-term memory. |
| How many items can the short-term memory hold? | 7-9 items |
| Describe what a chunk is. | A chunk is a meaningful unit of information made up of several smaller units. |
| Why is the process of chunking useful? | Since the short-term memory is only capable of holding about seven new items at one time, chunking is a useful method of increasing its memory span. |
| If the units of information are not encoded for commitment to the long term memory, what happens to them? | They are displaced. |
| What is rehearsal? | Rehearsal involves repeating to yourself over and over again a piece of information that you are trying to memorise. |
| Why is rehearsal useful for the STM? | Rehearsal extends the time for which the information is maintained in the STM. |
| What is the serial position effect? | It can be shown that recall is best for objects shown at the end, closely followed by those at the start. Those in the middle of the viewing sequence gain a very poor score. The memory pattern is called the serial position effect. |
| Name the three methods that are used to successfully transfer information between the STM and LTM. | Successful transfer of information from the STM to the LTM is promoted by the process of Rehearsal (again) Organisation and Elaboration of meaning |
| How does organisation facilitate the transfer of information from STM to LTM. | Related information is grouped together |
| How does Elaboration facilitate the transfer of information from the STM to the LTM. | Additional/meaningful information is given about something e.g the term you are trying to learn |
| What are contextual cues? | They remind the person of the original memory. These aid retrieval. |
Created by:
mackas89
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