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Higher Human 1.7

1.7- Cellular Respiration

QuestionAnswer
What is respiration? Glucose is broken down, H+ being removed and the transfer of electrons by dehydrogenase enzymes to release ATP
What is glycolysis? the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm
Where does glycolysis take place? The Cytoplasm
Does glycolysis require oxygen to take place No
Name the stages of Glycolysis Energy Investment Stage Energy Pay-off Stage
Describe the Energy Investment Stage ? ATP is required for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment phase of glycolysis
Describe the Energy pay-off stage ? Further chemical reactions take place to form 2 molecules of pyruvate (3C), generating 4ATP. Net gain of 2ATP
What is the role of ATP? Transfer of energy (energy source) and providing phosphate for the phosphorylation of molecules
What happens to ATP in the energy investment stage of glycolysis? ATP is required to donate a phosphate molecule for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates
Why is it called the energy investment stage? 2ATP are required to start the process of glycolysis
What happens to ATP in the energy pay-off stage of glycolysis? Phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates leads to the generation of more ATP, this results in a net gain of ATP.
Why is it called the energy payoff stage? 4ATP are produced giving a net gain of 2ATP
What happens to pyruvate in aerobic conditions? It is broken down to an acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A forming acetyl coenzyme A
What name is given to the regeneration of oxaloacetate? Citric acid cycle
Describe what happens in the citric acid cycle The acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate. During a series of enzyme-controlled steps, citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate This results in the generation of ATP and release of carbon dioxide.
What is the role of Dehydrogenase enzymes in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle? They remove hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them to the coenzyme NAD, forming NADH
What happens to Hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH? They are passed to the electron transport chain
What is the electron transport chain (ETC)? A series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What happens during ATP synthesis? Electrons are passed along the ETC releasing energy. This energy allows hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The flow of these ions back through the membrane protein ATP synthase results in the production of ATP.
What is produced when the electrons and Hydrogen ions join with oxygen water.
What is the role of ATP in the transfer of energy? ATP is used to transfer energy to cellular processes which require energy
Created by: mackas89
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