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H Bio 9.1-9.6
From the book "Biology" by Stephen Nowicki
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| restriction enzyme | an enzyme that cuts double-stranded DNA into fragments by recognizing specific nucleotide sequences and cutting the DNA at those sequences |
| gel electrophoresis | method of separating various lengths of DNA strands by applying an electrical current to a gel |
| restriction map | diagram that shows the lengths of fragments between restriction sites in the strand of DNA |
| polymerase chain reaction | method for increasing the quantity of DNA by separating it into two strands and adding primers and enzymes |
| primer | a short, single-stranded fragment of DNA or RNA that is required for the initiation of DNA replication |
| DNA fingerprint | a pattern of DNA characteristics that is unique, or nearly so, to an individual organism |
| clone | an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to one from which it was derived; to make a genetic duplicate |
| genetic engineering | a technology in which the genome of a living cell is modified for medical or industrial use |
| recombinant DNA | DNA molecules that are artificially created by combining DNA from different sources |
| plasmid | a genetic structure that can replicate independently of the main chromosome(s) of a cell; usually, a circular DNA molecule in bacteria (prokaryotes) |
| transgenic | organism whose genome has been altered to contain one or more genes from another organism or species |
| gene knockout | genetic manipulation in which one or more of an organism's genes are prevented from being expressed |
| genomics | the study of entire genomes, especially by using technology to compare genes within and between species |
| gene sequencing | process of determining the order of DNA nucleotides in genes and genomes |
| Human Genome Project | a research effort to sequence and locate the entire collection of genes in human cells |
| bioinformatics | the application of information technologies in biology, especially in genetics |
| DNA microarray | research tool used to study gene expression |
| proteomics | study and comparison of all the proteins produced by an organism's genome |
| genetic screening | process of testing DNA to determine the chance a person has, or might pass on, a genetic disorder |
| gene therapy | a technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary disease or to improve the genome |
Created by:
MLLacey
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