Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| heredity | mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. |
| trait | a characteristic that is caused by genetics |
| Genetics | the study of heredity in general and of genes in particular |
| Fertilization | The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum |
| Purebred | offspring resulting from a true breeding. |
| Gene | The basic unit of heredity that occupies a specific location on a chromosome. |
| Allele | one of two or more versions of a gene. |
| Dominant allele | an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different. |
| Recessive allele | a variety of genetic code that does not create a phenotype if a dominant allele is present |
| Hybrid | an offspring of two animals or plants of different races, breeds, varieties, species, or genera. |
| Punnett square | a square diagram that is composed of a grid of usually four boxes and is used to calculate and depict all the combinations and frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring of a cross in accordance with Mendelian inheritance |
| Phenotype | the observable physical properties of an organism |
| Genotype | an individual's collection of genes |
| Homozygous | The presence of two identical alleles at a particular gene locus. |
| Heterozygous | The presence of two different alleles at a particular gene locus |
| Incomplete dominance | a lack of dominance in either of two different alleles in heterozygotes, so that the phenotype is intermediate between that of homozygotes for either of the two alleles. |
| Codominance | neither allele can mask the expression of the other allele. |
| Multiple alleles | an allele of a genetic locus having more than two allelic forms within a population. |
| Polygenic inheritance | the heredity of complex characters that are determined by a large number of genes, each one usually having a relatively small effect. |
| Messenger RNA | an RNA produced by transcription that carries the code for a particular protein from the nuclear DNA to a ribosome in the cytoplasm and acts as a template for the formation of that protein |
| Transfer RNA | a relatively small RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation. |
| Mutation | A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene |
| Sex chromosomes | a type of chromosome that participates in sex determination. |
| Sex-linked gene | a trait in which a gene is located on a sex chromosome. |
| Carrier | an individual who carries and is capable of passing on a genetic mutation associated with a disease and may or may not display disease symptoms. |
| Genetic disorder | a disease caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence |
| Pedigree | An ancestral line or chart depicting the lineage or descent of an individual. |
| Karyotype | an individual's collection of chromosomes. |
| Selective breeding | the process by which humans control the breeding of organisms in order to exhibit or eliminate a particular characteristic |
| Inbreeding | the mating of individuals or organisms that are closely related through common ancestry |
| Hybridization | the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce hybrids |
| Clone | the aggregate of genetically identical cells or organisms asexually produced by or from a single progenitor cell or organism. |
| Genetic engineering | the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism. |
| Gene therapy | the insertion of usually genetically altered genes into cells especially to replace defective genes in the treatment of genetic disorders or to provide a specialized disease-fighting function |
| Genome | one haploid set of chromosomes with the genes they contain |
| Ethics | standards of methods and process that address research design, procedures, data analysis, interpretation, and reporting |
| Meiosis | Meiosis |
| Crossing Over | the swapping of genetic material that occurs in the germ line. |
| Zygote | fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm). |
| Gametes | an organism's reproductive cells. |
| Protein Synthesis | the process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and various enzymes. |
| Autosomal Chromosomes | any of the numbered chromosomes, as opposed to the sex chromosomes |
Created by:
Shox
Popular Biology sets