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Genetics VOCAB
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | the sum of all biological processes by which particular characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring |
| Trait | a specific characteristic of an organism |
| Genetics | the scientific study of genes and heredity—of how certain qualities or traits are passed from parents to offspring as a result of changes in DNA sequence |
| Fertilization | the process by which male and female gametes are fused together, initiating the development of a new organism |
| Purebred | consists of gene pairs with genes that are the SAME |
| Gene | the basic physical and functional unit of heredity |
| Allele | one of two or more versions of a gene |
| Dominant Allele | an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different |
| Recessive Allele | a type of allele which will not be manifested in an individual unless both of the individual's copies of that gene have that particular genotype |
| Hybrid | offspring of parents that differ in genetically determined traits |
| Punnett square | a table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes are given |
| Phenotype | an individual's observable traits, such as height, eye color, and blood type |
| Genotype | an individual's collection of genes |
| Homozygous | the presence of two identical alleles at a particular gene locus |
| Heterozgous | he presence of two different alleles at a particular gene locus |
| Incomplete dominance | results from a cross in which each parental contribution is genetically unique and gives rise to progeny whose phenotype is intermediate |
| Co dominance | a relationship between two versions of a gene |
| Multiple alleles | an allele of a genetic locus having more than two allelic forms within a population |
| Polygenic inheritance | he heredity of complex characters that are determined by a large number of genes, each one usually having a relatively small effect. |
| Messenger RNA | a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands of a gene |
| Transfer RNA | a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA sequence into a protein |
| Mutation | a change in a DNA sequence |
| Sex Chromosomes | a type of chromosome that participates in sex determination |
| Sex-linked genes | a trait in which a gene is located on a sex chromosome |
| Carrier | an individual who carries one deleterious allele for an autosomal recessive disorder |
| Genetic Disorder | a disease caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence |
| Pedigree | shows relationships between family members and indicates which individuals have certain genetic pathogenic variants, traits, and diseases within a family as well as vital status |
| Karyotype | an individual's collection of chromosomes |
| Selective Breeding | choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics |
| Inbreeding | the mating of animals more closely related than the average relationship within the breed or population concerned |
| Hybridization | the process of interbreeding individuals from genetically distinct populations to produce a hybrid |
| Clone | the process of making identical copies of an organism, cell, or DNA sequence |
| Genetic Engineering | the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism |
| Gene Therapy | altering the genes inside your body's cells in an effort to treat or stop disease |
| Genome | the complete set of genetic information in an organism |
| Ethics | the study of the moral and political implications of (A) discoveries in the field of genetics (B) advances in genetic technology. |
| Meiosis | the formation of egg and sperm cells |
| Crossing Over | the swapping of genetic material that occurs in the germ line |
| Zygote | fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm) |
| Gametes | an organism's reproductive cells |
| Protein Synthesis | the process in which cells make proteins. |
| Autosomal Chromosomes | any of the numbered chromosomes, as opposed to the sex chromosomes |
Created by:
khearn
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