Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Genetics
Genetics words, definitions, and meanings, in one or more stack.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. |
| Sex Chromosomes | a type of chromosome that participates in sex determination |
| Trait | a specific characteristic of an organism. |
| Sex-Linked Gene | a trait in which a gene is located on a sex chromosome |
| Genetics | the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. |
| Carrier | a person or animal that transmits a disease-causing organism to others. Typically, the carrier suffers no symptoms of the disease (ex. coronavirus carrier) |
| Fertilization | the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote |
| Genetic Disorder | a disease caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence. |
| Purebred | consists of gene pairs with genes that are the same hybrid (also called Homozygous), and pairs of different hybrid (also called Heterozygous) |
| Pedigree | showing relationship between family members and indicates which individuals have a certain type of genetic pathogenic variants, traits, and diseases within a family as well as vital status |
| Gene (in informal use) | (in informal use) a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. |
| Gene (in technical use) | (in technical use) a distinct sequence of nucleotide forming part of a chromosome, the order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule which a cell (or virus) may synthesize |
| Karyotype | the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species. |
| Allele | one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome |
| Selective Breeding | A process in choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics |
| Dominant Allele | a variation of a gene that will produce a certain phenotype, even in the presence of other alleles |
| Recessive Allele | a variety of genetic code that does not create a phenotype if a dominant allele is present |
| Inbreeding | (Technically defined or used) the mating of animals more closely related than the average relationship within the breed or population concerned |
| Hybridization | the process of combining two complementary single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules and allowing them to form a single double-stranded molecule through base pairing |
| Hybrid | the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties, such as a mule (a hybrid of a donkey and a horse). |
| Clone | an organism or cell, or group of organisms or cells, produced asexually from one ancestor or stock, to which they are genetically identical. |
| Punnett Square | a table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes are given |
| Genetic Engineering | the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism |
| Phenotype | the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
| Genotype | an individual's collection of genes |
| Gene Therapy (1st part definition) | altering the genes inside your body's cells in an effort to treat or stop disease |
| Gene Therapy (2nd part definition) | Genes contain your DNA — the code that controls much of your body's form and function, from making you grow taller to regulating your body systems. Genes that don't work properly can cause diseas |
| Genome | the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism. |
| Homozygous | having two Identical alleles of a particular gene or genes |
| Heterozygous | having two Different alleles of a particular gene or genes |
| Ethics/Bioethics | branch of applied ethics that studies the philosophical, social, and legal issues arising in medicine and the life sciences |
| Meiosis | a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information |
| Incomplete Dominance | a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele |
| Crossing Over | the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring. |
| Zygote | a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum. |
| Multiple Alleles | a type of non-Mendelian inheritance pattern that involves more than just the typical two alleles that usually code for a certain characteristic in a species |
| Codominance | a relationship between two versions of a gene |
| Gametes | a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. |
| Protein Synthesis | the process of creating protein molecules |
| Polygenic Inheritance | describes the inheritance of traits that are determined by more than one gene |
| Autosomal Chromosomes | any of the numbered chromosomes, as opposed to the sex chromosomes |
| Mutation | occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. |
| Messenger RNA | the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome |
| Transfer RNA | RNA consisting of folded molecules which transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome. |
Created by:
nicksaquic-chan22
Popular Biology sets