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Zoology, lecture 6
Cnidaria, Anthozoa
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anthozoa | Class of cnidaria composed corals and anemones. The largest class of cnidaria. Purely marine, live in deep and shallow water, no medusal stage, enormous polyps, solitary/colonial, internal/exoskeleton for many. |
| Two main sub-classes of anthozoa | Hexacorallia םיאנומש and Octocorallia םיאשש |
| Hexacorallia | Solitary or colonial polyps with symmetry based on 6 or multiples of 6--the main orders are anemones and stony corals. |
| Octocorallia | Colonial polyps with 8 tentacles. The main order is soft corals. |
| Actiniaria | Order of hexacorallia--they have large polyps, they are very colorful, common in shallow warm water. Most settle on hard surfaces. The gastrovascular cavity is divided into 6 chambers by septa. Predators and symbionts with zooxanthella, crabs, fish |
| Actinarian gastrovascular system | It is divided into 6 chambers by septa that are separators that grow as an extension of the inner body wall (endoderm). |
| Sea Anemone body structure | The have a pedal disc and an oral disc with a pharynx that leads into the gastrovascular cavity. The cavity is divided resulting in an increase in surface area for digestion/absorption of nutrients. |
| Sea Anemone Reproduction | There is no medusal stage. Both Asexual and sexual reproduction take place in the polyp. |
| Asexual sea anemone reproduction | Division along the length of the body of the polyp "tearing and separating" producing two daughter polyps. |
| Sexual sea anemone reproduction | Most species are dieocious (male and female individuals) aka gonochronistic. Sperm is released into the water where it enters the females body. Fertilization is internal-embryo remains in the female's body till its planula when its released and settles. |
| Anemonia sulcata תברוצ תיגנוד | Mediterranean species of anemone found in shallow well lit waters. They reach about 10 cm and they are light brown. They do not contract but they do use a large number of cnidocysts. They eat small fish and other animals. |
| Actina equina המודא הנשוש | Most common Mediterranean species, they are found on rocks in shallow waters in the tidal zone (they can survive outside of water). They are red and are capable of movement. They eat plankton and fertilization/development is internal. |
| Scleractinia | Stony corals (of the subclass "hexacorallia", they are colonial polyps (similar to anemones) that secrete a calciferous exoskeleton. Most live in warm, clear shallow water. |
| Stony coral structure | Living in polyp colonies with thousands together. The digestive cavity of the colony is common (food that one catches gives everyone nutrients) The main difference between them and anemones is their exoskeleton. |
| Scleractina skeleton | Differentiates them from the sea anemones--its calciferous and secreted by their ectoderm (calcium carbonate). |
| Scleractina digestive structure | Similar to anemones with septa and a pharynx. |
| Process of calcium deposits in stony corals | CO2 is absorbed by algae alters the balance of CaCO3 contents in the water. When building the skeleton in corals the simbiotic algae absorb the CO2 and allow for CaCO3 deposits to form. |
| Amphiprion | Clown fish that lives in a symbiotic relationship with the Radianthus (a species of sea anemone). They are covered with mucous that makes the anemone think they are part of it, thereby protecting them from the sting. |
| Radianthus | Species of sea anemone that exists in a symbiotic relationship with the amphiprion in warm waters. They don't sting the fish because the fish are covered with mucous that makes them unrecognizable as foreign tissue. |
| Coral bleaching | Expulsion of symbiotic algae from corals as a result of increased temperatures and radiation as well as bacteria. It destroyed numerous reefs. |
Created by:
YaelNoa
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