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8ES Chp 12:Erosion

8th Grade Earth Science Chapter 12: Weathering and Erosion Coach Leach

TermDefinition
weathering The process by which factors or conditions in the environment break rocks down into smaller pieces.
erosion The process of wearing away rock and transporting sediments.
deposition The process in which solid particles drop from a moving fluid to the bottom of the fluid; usually occurs when the flow rate decreases.
chemical weathering Chemical changes that dissolve rocks or breaks them down into smaller pieces.
mechanical weathering The physical process that breaks down rock into smaller pieces without changing its chemical composition.
frost wedging A mechanical weathering process in which water trapped in cracks and pores of rock freezes and expands, creating fragments of rock.
exfoliation The mechanical weathering process in which changes in temperature or the removal of the weight of overlying rock breaks down thin layers or slabs of rock.
biological weathering The process by which the actions of plants, animals, and other organisms break down rocks.
mass wasting The process by which gravity transports rocks and soil downhill.
landslide The rapid downward movement of earth material.
sorting The orderly pattern in which sediments deposit as a stream slows down and turbulence decreases; This process results in sediment particles forming layers of sediments of similar sizes.
deflation The action of wind over a large area to remove small clastic particles, leaving behind cobbles and larger rocks that form desert pavement.
abrasion The process by which wind-driven sand erodes exposed rock and is very similar to artificial sand blasting.
dune A depositional landform that results from wind-deposited sand and soil; blowing sand continually reshapes them, resulting in their drift over time.
loess A thick deposit of fine windblown dust and silt that provides an excellent base for rich soil.
glacier A large mass of dense, compacted snow and ice that flows downhill under the influence of gravity.
glacial drift Sediments deposited b a glacier.
till Unsorted glacial sediments deposited when a glacier melts and retreats.
moraine A sedimentary ridge or surface formed by glacial till after a glacier melts or retreats; can form at the front of or to the side of the glacier, in a glacial valley, or where two or more glaciers merge.
soil Layers of eroded earth materials and organic matter on the earth's surface.
horizon A relatively uniform layer of soil; fully developed soil typically has three labeled A, B, C.
humus Decayed organic matter in the soil's A -horizon that holds water and gives plants nutrients.
loam An especially fertile topsoil containing about 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay; often contains humus.
soil conservation Any method used to prevent soil erosion; includes strip cropping, contour plowing, flood control dams, and windbreak construction.
Created by: CoachLeach
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