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Plant Unit
Middle School Plant Unit
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| dicot | plant whose seeds contain two cotyledons; one of the two classes of angiosperms |
| diploid | cell with the full number of chromosomes that is usual for its species |
| dormancy | state in which a plant's life processes slow down |
| embryo | earliest stage of development of an organism; occurs after the zygote begins cell division but before germination, or rapid growth, begins |
| ethnobotanist | scientist who studies the way people use the plants that grow in their area |
| fertilization | process by which a sperm cell joins with an egg cell, forming a zygote |
| flower | plant part that contains the reproductive structures of an angiosperm |
| frond | leaf of a fern |
| fruit | in angiosperms, a mature, ripened ovary containing the seeds |
| gamete | haploid reproductive cell (sperm or egg) that, when joined with a gamete of the opposite sex, will form a diploid cell, or zygote |
| genus | group of closely related species |
| germination | early stage of growth of a plant embryo into a new plant |
| grafting | process of attaching part of one plant to the root or stem of another plant so that the two grow together |
| gravitropism | movement or growth of a plant in response to gravity |
| gymnosperm | vascular, nonflowering plant whose seeds are not enclosed in an ovary but rather form on the outside of a leaf or other structure, such as a cone |
| haploid | cell with only half the number of chromosomes that is usual for its species |
| kingdom | one of the six major classifications of living things |
| monocot | plant whose seeds contain only one cotyledon; one of the two classes of angiosperms |
| ovary | in the flowers of angiosperms, female reproductive structure that contains the ovule; matures into a fruit |
| phloem | vascular tissue through which food travels to all parts of a plant |
| photosynthesis | process by which green plants make food using light energy to combine carbon dioxide and water to form the simple sugar glucose and oxygen |
| phototropism | movement or growth of a plant in response to light |
| pigment | substance that reflects a particular color by absorbing other colors of light; the green pigment chlorophyll reflects green light |
| pistil | female part of the flower of an angiosperm; consists of the ovary style, and stigma |
| pith | central part of a woody stem, made up of spongy food storage cells |
| pollen | male gametophyte stage of a seed plant |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from one plant to another, often by wind or insects |
| regeneration | type of asexual reproduction in which a piece of a plant separates and grows into a new plant |
| respiration | process by which living things use oxygen to break down stored glucose into carbon dioxide and water, which releases energy |
| rhizome | horizontal, underground stem that sends out roots and shoots |
| root | plant structure that takes in water and nutrients and anchors the plant |
| runner | horizontal, aboveground stem that branches off the main stem, grows along the ground, and sends out roots and shoots |
| seed | plant structure that contains a plant embryo and food for the embryo |
| sepal | leafy structure that helps protect a developing flower before it opens |
| species | within a genus, a group of closely related organisms that can breed and produce offspring that can also reproduce |
| spore | reproductive cell that-without joining with another cell-develops into the gametophyte stage in the life cycle of a plant; produced by the sporophyte stage ( |
| stamen | male part of the flower of an angiosperm; made up of the anther and the filament |
| thigmotropism | movement or growth of a plant in response to contact |
| transpiration | loss of water vapor by plant parts, most often the leaves |
| tropism | movement or growth toward or away from a change in a plant's surroundings |
| vascular bundle | strand of tissue that contains both xylem and phloem |
| xylem | vascular tissue through which water travels to all parts of a plant |
| zygote | diploid cell formed by the joining of two gametes (usually a sperm and an egg); a fertilized egg |
Created by:
Liz Volpe
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