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DNA and RNA

Review of DNA and RNA

QuestionAnswer
DNA to RNA to Protein Central Dogma
DNA to DNA process replication
Number of strands in DNA 2
location of DNA (cell organelle) nucleus
purpose of DNA holds genetic information
sugar found in DNA deoxyribose
weak chemical bond that hold nucleotides together in center of DNA molecule hydrogen
nucleotide bases found in DNA A, T, C, G
always pairs with A in DNA Thymine (T)
always pairs with Cytosine (C) Guanine (G)
building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) nucleotide
phrases used to describe DNA molecule double helix / twisted ladder
used to form outside part of DNA molecule (alternating parts) sugar & phosphates
reason DNA replication is "a semi-conservative" process half old strand + half new strand
random change in DNA mutation
cell organelle that makes proteins ribosome
DNA to RNA process transcription
strong chemical bond holding sugar-phosphate backbone together covalent
mutation where 1 nucleotide is changed for a different one substitution mutation
mutation where 1 nucleotide has been added insertion mutation
mutation where 1 nucleotide has been removed deletion mutation
requires both transcription then translation gene expression / (protein synthesis)
type of RNA that carries DNA's genetic blueprint out of the nucleus mRNA
type of RNA that brings 1 amino acid to the ribosome tRNA
chemical bond that holds amino acids together peptide
mutation that does NOT change any of the amino acids silent mutation
type of RNA that helps build ribosomes rRNA
nucleotide bases found in mRNA A, U, C,G
always pairs with A in mRNA Uracil (U)
a group of 3 nucleotides in mRNA codon
1 START codon AUG
3 STOP codons UGA, UAA , UAG
building blocks of protein amino acids
structure holding 2 sister chromatids together in chromosome centromere
chromosomes look like this letter of the alphabet X
Created by: cadetjt
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