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Chapter 12

Chapter 12 Prokaryotes and Viruses

QuestionAnswer
What shape is Staphylococcus? Cluster of Balls
What shape is Bacillus cereus? Rod
How do anitbiotics control bacteria? Slowing metabolism, bursting them, preventing reproduction.
Which bacterial structure contains a bacterium's genetic material? nucleoid
What is Gram staining used for? Classify bacteria, test for peptidoglycan, and perdict which antibiotic will kill it.
What are some characteristics of Archea? Live in extreme environments, no peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
An infections particle made of abnormal proteins is called a? Prion
Though prokaryotic, archaea share many characteristics with eukaryotes. True
During conjugation, two bacteria exchange plasmids with each other through a pilus. False
Some bacteria are opportunistic pathogens, causing disease only under certain conditions, but are otherwise a normal part of an organism's microbiota. True
Mad Cow disease is one disease caused by a virus. False
Interferon works by directly attaching to and destroying viral particles. False
Cold sores are and example of a disease caused by a bacteria. False
Emerging infectious diseases (such as Ebola) often appear suddenly, kill large numbers of victims, then disappear again only to reappear years later. True
A virus may reproduce through either the lytic cycle or the lysogentic cycle, but not both. False
Pneumonia and food poisoning are both caused by bacteria that are a normal part of the human microbiota. True
Bacteria or Virus reproduce by binary fission Bacteria
Bacteria or Virus usuallly occur in one of three basic shapes: coccus, spirillum, bacillus Bacteria
Bacteria or Virus are not considered cellular organisms Virus
Bacteria or Virus many can move using a flagellum Bacteria
Bacteria or Virus must invade a host cell in order to reproduce Virus
Bacteria or Virus cause strep throat, food poisoning, and pneumonia Bacteria
Bacteria or Virus are used in gene therapy Virus
Bacteria or Virus cause herpes, chicken pox, and HIV Virus
Bacteria or Virus basic structure consists of a strand of RNA or DNA, a capsid, and an envelope Virus
Bacteria or Virus make up the microbiota in the digestive systems of animals and humans Bacteria
Produces two identical bacterial cells from one bacterial cell Binary Fission
Is the most common form of reproduction in bacteria Binary Fission
Occurs when a bacterium takes in a piecce of DNA from its environment Transformation
Occurs when genetic information is transmitted from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage Transduction
Occurs when a plasmid is transferred from one bacterium to another through a pilus Conjugation
Archaea that live in the intestines of animals and that produce gas are known as __________. Methanogens
The bacteria that live in the guts of an orgamism are collectively known as the organism's _______________. Microbiota
What are the three basic parts of a flagellum? Motor, Hook, Filament
What does a capsule do? Keeps the bacteria from drying out and makes it difficult for white blood cells to engulf.
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