Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Gastrointestinal
Overall by section
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do opioids cause slow peristalsis? | Activating μ-receptors in the gut |
| What is a common stimulant laxative used to treat constipation? | Senna glycoside |
| What condition is treated with Senna glycoside? | Constipation |
| What are common H2-receptor antagonists? | Ranitidine, Famotidine, and Cimetidine |
| What ion secretion is inhibited by Famotidine? | Hydrogen ions secretion by parietal cells |
| On which cells does Ranitidine and Famotidine work by inhibiting hydrogen ion secretion? | Parietal cells |
| Why is Cimetidine intoxication a common adverse effect? | Due to its strong inhibition of CYP450 system |
| What are symptoms of Cimetidine toxicity? | Gynecomastia and decreased libido |
| What are the mains symptoms of a Biliary colic? | Postprandial abdominal discomfort |
| What is the major component of pigmented gallstones? | Unconjugated bilirubin |
| Biliary colic + hemolytic anemia + unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Dx? | Pigmented gallstones |
| What is the main GI enzyme responsible for activating enzymes responsible for degrading proteins and complex lipids? | Enterokinase |
| What is the role of Enterokinase? | Activation of several digestive enzymes |
| Which vein is IGF-1 delivered into systemic circulation? | Hepatic vein |
| What is the suspected diagnosis of a patient with mid-abdominal pain "out of proportion"? | Acute mesenteric ischemia |
| What is the MCC of an acute mesenteric ischemic event? | Embolism of the Superior Mesenteric artery |
| What is most likely to cause ischemic mesenteric in a patient with long-standing AFIB? | Embolism of the Superior Mesenteric artery |
| What is the leading role of Peroxisomes? | Fatty acid oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids |
| What are the biosynthetic functions of Peroxisomes? | Production of steroid hormones, bile acids, and plasmalogen |
| Which cells normally produce Somatostatin? | Pancreatic D cells |
| What hormone is produced by Pancreatic D cell? | Somatostatin |
| What anemia is developed by consumption of Levodopa? | Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
| What kind of hyperbilirubinemia is expected in a patient on Levodopa? | Unconjugated (indirect) bilirubinemia |
| What is the MCC of death in children in with congenital diaphragmatic hernia? | Pulmonary hypoplasia |
| Why does Pulmonary hypoplasia cause death in infant the Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia? | Impaired growth and inflation of the newborn's lungs as result of compression from the herniated bowel |
| What is the diagnosis of a child with GI bleeding and evidence of intussusception? | Meckel diverticulum |
| Which arterial body participates in a Meckel diverticulum? | Superior Mesenteric artery |
| From which "gut" does a Meckel diverticulum arises from? | Midgut |
| What condition is characterized by ectopic gastric tissue visualized in the superior mesenteric artery and GI bleeding of a child? | Meckel diverticulum |
| Into which lymph node do perineal structure, including those in the anal canal below the pectinate line, does lymph drain to? | Superficial inguinal nodes |
| What parts of the body drain the lymph into the Superficial Inguinal nodes? | Perineal structures, including those in the anal canal below the pectinate line |
| From which root does the Ilioinguinal nerve arise? | L1 |
| What inguinal nerve arises from root L1? | Ilioinguinal nerve |
| What nerve is known to lie on top of the Spermatic cord? | Ilioinguinal nerve |
| The ilioinguinal nerve lies on top of which genitourinary structure? | Spermatic cord |
| What areas of the body are provided sensitive via the Ilioinguinal nerve? | Scrotum/labia and medial aspect of the thigh |
| What nerve provides cutaneous sensation to the scrotum/labia and medial aspect of the thigh? | Ilioinguinal nerve |
| Cutaneous sensory numbness to the medial aspect of the thigh and scrotum, most likely indicate injury to which nerve? | Ilioinguinal nerve |
| What are the most common symptoms to indicate esophageal cancer? | Dysphagia, weight loss, and confirmed with Barium esophageal swallow |
| What artery supplies the Distal esophagus and proximal stomach? | Left Gastric artery |
| In case of damage/occlusion/ or severing the left gastric artery, what areas of the GI anatomy will no longer have arterial irrigation? | Distal esophagus and Proxima stomach |
| What is the path of drainage of External hemorrhoids? | Inferior rectal vein into the inferior vena cava |
| What are the two most common causes of external hemorrhoids? | Constipation and compression of pelvic veins in pregnancy |
| What are the consequences and result of Pernicious anemia? | Vitamin B12 deficiency, resulting in macrocytic anemia and peripheral neuropathy |
| What is the cause of Pernicious anemia? | Autoimmune destruction of parietal cells, leading to decreased production of IF, which is required for vitamin B12 absorption |
| Which cells produce intrinsic factors (IF)? | Parietal cells |
| What is shown in a biopsy of the duodenum in Celica disease patients? | Villous blunting and crypt hyperplasia |
| Which part of the small intestine is usually the one most affected by Celiac disease? | Duodenum |
| What are the histologic findings of Whipple disease? | PAS- positive macrophages in the lamina propria of the small intestine |
| What condition is associated with PAS-positive macrophages in the lamina propria of the small intestine? | Whipple disease |
| What is a Cushing ulcer? | Stress ulcer associated with increased ICP and increased PNS activity |
| Stress ulcer associated with elevated ICP and increased PNS activity. Dx? | Cushing ulcer |
| How is elevated ICP often diagnosed or clinically presented? | Evidence of papilledema |
| What is the confirmation test for Hemochromatosis? | Hemosiderin deposits on liver biopsy |
| Which serum iron labs will be increased in Hemochromatosis? | Serum transferrin saturation, serum iron, and ferritin |
| Which serum iron measurement will decrease in Hemochromatosis? | Serum TIBC |
| Monoclonal antibodies used in Crohn disease are against what? | Against TNF-alpha |
| What causes malabsorptive diarrhea in chronic pancreatitis? | Pancreas is no longer capable of secreting adequate amount of amylase and lipase |
| Which pancreatic enzymes are responsible for digestion of carbohydrates and lipids, and prevent elevated fecal fat levels? | Amylase and lipase |
| What are the most important risk factors for Laryngeal Squamos cell carcinoma? | Smoking and alcohol use |
| What is the cause of Alcoholic Fatty liver disease? | Excessive use of alcohol |
| What lab finding is highly indicative for alcohol-related liver disease? | AST:ALT ratio greater than 2 |
| What type of condition is suspected in patient with and AST:ALT ratio of 2.7? | Alcohol-related liver disease |
Created by:
rakomi
Popular USMLE sets