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Nutrition
ALS - Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are 6 concepts related to nutrition? | Elimin F&E Metab Mob Perf Tiss Integ |
| signs of Undernutrition | Fatigue Mood Changes Weight Loss Poor Concentration Feeling Cold Often Sick Poor Healing Brittle Hair |
| signs of undernutrition mnemonic | Undernutrition causes Fatigue and Makes changes We Feel Often creates Poor Brittle hair |
| complications of PT (parenteral therapy) | Glucose Intolerance Hyperlipidemia Infection Fluid overload |
| PT complication mnemonic | Sugar GHIF |
| BMI numbers | Below: < 18.5 Normal: 18.5 - 24.9 Over: 25.0 - 29.9 Obese: 30.0 - 39.9 Morbid: > 40.0 |
| what percentile is under/overweight in children? | < 5th and > 85th percentile |
| name the types of tube feeds placements | nasogastric orogastric gastrostomy (gtube) percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (peg tube) jejunostomy (jtube) |
| name 12 special diets** SPLIT PER DIET | DASH Keto Low-fat/cholesterol Low protein Low Na Diabetic Lactose intolerance Vegan Vegetarian Ovo-vegetarian Lacto-vegetarian |
| name 6 cultural diets** SPLIT PER DIET | Islam Mormon 7th day Adventism Orthodox Judaism Hindu Buddhism |
| pharmacological interventions for pt dts [Pt Takes Vit & Min] | Vit Supplements Min Supplements Pro & Nutrient Supplements TPN |
| individual/collaborative interventions for pt dts [BAP WEEDS] | BG monitoring Assist w/eating Prevent aspir Weight Loss Clinics Education Enteral feeding Dietician Surgery |
| nutritional diagnostic test | Lipid Panel 160-200 md/dL Hematocrit - f:34-45 m:38-50 Serum Glucose - 70-120 mg/dL Serum Albumin - 3.5-5.0 g/dL Total Protein - 6-8g/dL Serum Vitamin levels - ⇣ Vit D |
| what is considered to be anthropometric measurements? | Height Weight BMI Waist to hip circumference Skinfold thickness |
| what is the definition to anthropometric measurements? | measurements that can help ID individs who are at risk for UNDERnutrion |
| what plan is considered a dietary guideline by the USDA? | MyPlate Plan |
| what are macros? | essential nutrients needed by the body in large amts to survive: carbs, pro, and fats |
| what are micros? | essential nutrients needed by the body in small quantities: vits/mins |
| what is enteral nutrition? | tube feed used to meet cal/pro requirements in pts who are unable to consume enough food on their own |
| what is food desert? | any area of population where it is diff to find good-qaul, affordable fresh fruits, veggies, and whole grains. |
| what is food insecurity? | results when one or more mems of a household must reduce their eating patterns d/t a lack of money or lack of resources to access appropriate amts/varieties of food. |
| what is food security? | results when all members of a household have suff resources to access appropp amts and varieties |
| what is ovo-vegetarian? | vegetarians who include milk, dairy prods, and eggs INTO their diet |
| what is lacto-vegetarian? | vegetarians who include dairy prods but NO eggs |
| what is nutrient density? | the ratio of good nutrients to calories a food contains |
| what is parenteral nutrition (PN)? | the IV admin of amino acids, often c̅ added carbs, fats, elect, vit, and minerals. |
| what is vegan? | a type of vegetarian diet that EXCLUDES ALL animal AND fish products, including dairy, meat, eggs, and honey. |
| what should your fasting BG be? | <= 100 |
| what do ⇣ albumin and ⇣ total pro cause? | edema |
| CARDS FOR VIT IN CLASS WRKSHEET?? | *** |
| what are complete proteins? | contain all 9 essential amino acids |
| excess carbs are converted into what? | glycogens |
| what can excessive carb intake lead to at the cellular level? | elevated trigycerides |
| what are triglycerides? | saturated, unsaturated fats, and essential fats |
| what makes obese people more vulnerable at a f&e level? why? | ore vulnerable to dehydration because the more adipose tissue and obese you are, the less water you have |
| what vits are more crucial to adolescents? why? | vit D and Ca+ because 26% of the adult Ca+ is deposited during this time in growth |
| what is the differnce btwn FL and CL dts? | CL is thinner (soda/pulp free juice) FL can melt at room temp (pudding/ice cream) |
| how can pts c̅ tube feed become HYPOglycemic? | feed gets paused/stopped for multiple reasons through a shift |
| what is cachexia | physical wasting from wt loss and loss of muscle mass d/t the rapid growth and reproduction of cancer cells and their need for increased nutrients |
| who is at risk for undernutrition? | Old Poor Hospital pts Eating disorders Chronic medical disorders (gi/copd) Alcohol/drug abusers |
| what are DRIs (dietary reference intakes)? | a standardized, recommended nutrient intake to support a healthy diet often provided by health orgs |
| what are the 4 standards for DRIs? [REAUL] | RDA (recomm dietary allowance) EAR (est avg requirement) AI (adequate intake) UL (tolerable upper intake level) |
| what are the 3 types of pros? | complete, incomplete, and complementary |
| why does the body need lipids? [PICACH(U)] | Protective padding for vital organs Insulation for body temp Covering of nerve fibers Aids in absop of fat-soluable vits Cell wall structural material Hormone prod (U GOT THIS) |
| what are the 3 types of fats? | Triglycerides CholeSterols Phospholipids |
| what are unsaturated fats? | monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| name 2 essential fatty acids | omega-3 and omega-6 |
| what are 2 classes of vits? | water-soluble fat-soluble |
| how many essential vits are there? | 13 |
| what are 2 water-soluble vits? | C and B-complex vits |
| what are the the 8 vits that make up the B-complex vits? | B1 (thiamine) B2 (riboflavin) B3 (niacin) B6 (pyridoxine) B12 (cobalamin) Pantothenic acid Biotin Folate |
| what are the 4 fat-soluble vits? | A, D, E, K |
| what are the 7 major minerals? | Ca+ Phosphorus Na+ K+ Mag Cl Sulfur |
| what kind of mineral is iron? | a trace mineral |
| what vit helps absord iron? | C |
| what foods are high in iron? | meat, fish, poultry (heme) grains, legumes, and veggies (nonheme) |
| what foods are high in vit D? | fish, fortified dairy products, and egg yolks |
Created by:
cberna00
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