Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 2
Med Term Midterm: structural organization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | fundamental unit of all living things |
| cell membrane | surrounds and protects cell and regulates what passes in and out |
| nucleus | controls operations; directs cell division and determines structure and function of cell |
| chromosomes | rod like structures in the nucles |
| how many chromosomes in human body cells? | 23 pairs |
| what are the sex cells? | egg and sperm |
| when the egg and sperm unite, what do they make? | embryo |
| how many chromosomes are in an embryo? | 46 |
| genes | orderly sequence on chromosomes |
| what does each gene contain? | DNA |
| DNA regulates activities of the cell according to its...on each chromosome | sequence (arrangement of genes) |
| karyotype | photograph of a person's chromosomes |
| amniocentesis | puncture of sac around fetus for removal of fluid and cells so the karyotype of the baby can be examined |
| what are the sex chromosomes for males? | XY |
| what are the sex chromosomes for females? | XX |
| how many chromosomes does a person with down syndrome have? | 47 chromosomes |
| what is trisomy 21? | the extra chromosome found in down syndrome |
| cytoplasm | all materials outside nucleus and inside cell membrane |
| cyt- | cell |
| -plasm | formation |
| mitochondria | powerhouse of the cell; source of energy for the cell |
| catabolism | sugar and fat broken down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria |
| endoplasmic reticulum | network of canals in the cell that manufacture proteins |
| ribosomes | attached to the endoplasmic reticulum; build long chains of proteins |
| anabolism | on the endoplasmic reticulum, process of building large proteins from amino acids |
| metabolism | anabolism+catabolism |
| fast metabolism | sugars and fats used up quickly and energy is released |
| slow metabolism | burned slowly, fat accumulates in cells |
| anabolic steroids | built up protein within the cells |
| thyroid gland | secretes thyroid hormone which stimulates metabolism |
| what do muscle cells look like? | long and slender ad contain fibers |
| what do muscle cells do? | contract and relax |
| what do epithelial cells look like? | square and flat |
| what is the job of epithelium? | to protect; or a lining and skin cell |
| what does a nerve cell look like? | long and many extensions |
| what do nerve cells do? | carry impulses |
| are fat cells big or small? | large |
| what is a tissue? | group of cells working together to do a specific job |
| histologist | scientist who specializes in the study of tissues |
| epithelial tissue is found where? | all over body; forms lining of internal organs and outer surface of skin covering body; lines exocrine and endocrine glands |
| where is voluntary muscle found? | in the arms and legs where movement is under conscious control |
| where is involuntary muscle found? | in the heart and digestive system |
| where is cardiac muscle found? | in the heart |
| what is cardiac muscle used for? | contraction |
| what are the 4 types of connective tissue? | adipose (fat tissue), cartilage, bone, blood |
| what does nervous tissue do? | conducts impulses all over the body |
| what are organs? | different types of tissue combine to form an organ |
| what type of tissues does the stomach have? | muscle, nerve, and glandular epithelial tissue |
| viscera | organs |
| what are the abdominal viscera? | liver, stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen, bladder |
| what is a system? | organs working together to perform complex functions |
| what system includes the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestines, colon (large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas? | digestive system |
| what system includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra? | urinary/excretory system |
| what system includes the nose, pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs (gas exchange)? | respiratory system |
| what system includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands, testes, urethra, prostate gland? | reproductive system |
| what system includes the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, and parathyroid glands? | endocrine system |
| what makes up the nervous system? | brain, spinal cord, nerves |
| what system includes the heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, and thymus gland? | circulatory system |
| what makes up the musculoskeletal system? | muscles, bones, and joints |
| what are the skin organs? | skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands |
| what are the sense organs? | eye, ear, nose, and tongue |
| what are the spaces within the body that contain internal organs? | body cavities |
| cran- | skull |
| what body cavity contains the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta? | thoracic cavity |
| pleural cavity | space around each lung |
| pleura | double membrane that protects the lungs |
| pleuritis | inflammation of the pleura and cavity may fill with fluid |
| what is in the mediastinum? | contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and lymph noes |
| where is the mediatstinum? | centrally located space outside of the lungs |
| what cavity contains the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder? | abdominal cavity |
| what surrounds the abdominal cavity? | peritoneum |
| what is the retroperitoneal area? | where kidneys are on either side of the backbone (behind abdominal cavity) |
| what is the muscular wall that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities? | diaphragm |
| what cavity contains portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, ureters, and vagina? | pelvic cavity |
| what is the abdominopelvic cavity? | the abdominal and pelvic cavities combined |
| what does the cranial cavity contain? | brain and pituitary gland |
| what is in the spinal cavity? | nerves of the spinal cord |
| what are the dorsal cavities? | cranial and spinal |
| dorsal | posterior |
| what are the ventral cavities? | thoracic, abdominal, pelvic |
| how many body cavities are there? | 5 |
| ventral | anterior |
| pleural effusion | collection of fluid in the pleural cavity |
| ascites | collection of fluid in peritoneal cavity |
| lumbar | lower back |
| right hypochondriac region | right upper region below cartilage of ribs that extend over abdomen |
| left hypochondriac region | left upper region below rib cartilage |
| epigastric region | above the stomach |
| right lumbar region | right middle region near waist |
| left lumbar region | left middle region near waist |
| umbilical region | region of navel or umbilicus |
| right inguinal region | right lower region near the groin; where the legs join the trunk |
| right iliac region | lies near ilium (upper portion of hip bone) |
| left inguinal region | left lower region near groin |
| left iliac region | lies near ilium |
| hypogastric region | below the stomach and umbilical region |
| what quadrant contains the right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestine? | right upper quadrant |
| what quadrant has the left lobe of the liver, stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestine? | left upper quadrant |
| what quadrant contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, and right ureter? | right lower quadrant |
| what quadrant has the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter? | left lower quadrant |
| what is the neck region of the back? | cervical |
| how many vertebrae are in the cervical region? | 7 |
| what is the chest region of the back? | thoracic |
| how many vertebrae are in the thoracic region? | 12 |
| what is the flank region of the back? | lumbar |
| how many vertebrae are in the lumbar region? | 5 |
| what is the region below the lumbar region? | sacral |
| what is the bottommost region of the back? | coccygeal region |
| how many bones fuse to form the sacrum? | 5 |
| what is the tailbone? | coccyx |
| what makes up the spinal column? | vertebrae |
| how many pieces make up the tailbone? | 4 |
| what is the spinal cord? | nerves surrounding the spinal column |
| intervertebral spaces | spaces between the vertebrae |
| what are discs? | small pads in the space between vertebrae |
| when a disc moves out of place and puts pressure on a nerve? | herniate |
| anterior | front side of body |
| posterior | back side of body |
| ventral | anterior |
| dorsal | posterior |
| deep | away from surface |
| superficial | on surface |
| proximal | near point of attachment to trunk or near beginning of a structure |
| distal | far from point of attachment to trunk or far from beginning of a structure |
| inferior | below another structure |
| superior | above another structure |
| cephalic | above another structure |
| medial | pertaining to the middle; near the medial plane of the body |
| lateral | pertaining to the side |
| supine | lying on the back |
| prone | lying on the belly |
| what is the plane that is vertical dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions? (posteroanterior view) | frontal plane/coronal plane |
| what is the plane that is lengthwise vertical plane dividing body into right and left sides? (side to side view) | lateral plane/sagittal plane |
| what is the plane that is horizontal running across the body parallel to the ground? (cross-sectional) | transverse plane/axial plane |
Created by:
peytonpes
Popular Science sets