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Microbiology Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mutual opposition or contrary action; the inhibition of one microorganism by another | Antagonism |
| glycoprotein substance developed by the body in response to, and interacting specifically with, an antigen; also known as immunoglobulin | Antibody |
| a foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies that react specifically with it | Antigen |
| the prevention or inhibiting the growth of causative microorganisms | Antisepsis |
| dilution or weakening of the virulence of a microorganism; reducing or abolishing pathogenicity | Attenuation |
| self-nourishing bacteria | Autotrophic bacteria |
| rod-shaped bacteria | Bacillus (pl. Bacilli) |
| the presence of bacteria in the blood | Bacteremia |
| a visible group of bacteria growing on a solid medium, presumably arising from a single microorganism | Bacterial colony |
| an agent that destroys bacteria but not necessarily their spores | Bactericide |
| a method of asexual reproduction involving halving of the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell followed by the development of each half into a new individual cell | Binary Fission |
| an arthropod vector in which the disease-causing organism multiples or develops within the arthropod prior to becoming infective | Biological vector |
| chlorine-containing compounds | Bleaches (Hypochlorites) |
| a coating that surrounds some bacterial cells; a loose gel-like structure that, in pathogenic bacteria, helps to protect against phagocytosis | Capsule |
| a large group of nonmotile, gram-negative intracellular parasites | Chlamydia |
| the type of bacteria that is spherical or round in form | Coccus (pl. Cocci) |
| The symbiotic relationship of two organisms of different species in which one gains some benefit such as protection or nourishment, and the other is not harmed or benefited | Commensalism |
| a disease that may be transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another | Communicable |
| the act of introducing the pathogens of infectious material into or on an in animate object. | Contamination |
| a pair of bacilli, linked end to end | Diplobacilli |
| a chemical or physical agent that destroys or inhibits disease-causing microorganisms | Disinfectant |
| resistant, as in bacteria, to the action of a drug or drugs | Drug-fast |
| disease that occurs continuously in a particular region | Endemic |
| a thick-walled body produced by a bacterium to enable it to survive unfavorable environmental conditions | Endospore |
| a bacterial toxin that is liberated only when the cell producing it disintegrates | Endotoxin |
| disease or condition that is currently in higher than normal numbers in given community | Epidemic |
| a form of infection caused by a pathogen or agent not normally present in the body | Exogenous infection |
| a bacterial toxin produced within a living cell and secreted into its surrounding medium | Exotoxin |
| a microorganism that prefers an environment devoid of oxygen but has adapted so that it can live and grow in the presence of oxygen | Facultative aerobe |
| an organism that prefers the presence of oxygen but is capable of living and growing in its absence | Facultative anaerobe |
| prefers dead organic matter as a source of nutrition but can adapt to the use of living organic matter under certain conditions | Facultative parasite |
| one in which the organisms are originally confined to one area but enter the blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body | Focal infection |
| any inanimate object that harbors a disease agent and may serve to transmit it | Fomite |
| a substance that kills fungi | Fungicide |
| a group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms, lacking chlorophyll, usually bearing spores and often filamentous | Fungus (pl. Fungi) |
| an infection that involves the whole body | General (systemic) infection |
| a substance that destroys microorganisms | Germicide |
| organisms that must obtain their nourishment from complex organic matter | Heterotrophic bacteria |
| chorine-containing compounds | Hypochlorites (bleaches) |
| the state or condition in which the body or a part of it is invaded by a pathogenic agent that, under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurious effects. | Infection |
| a compound containing iodine which is often used as a preoperative skin disinfectant | Iodophors |
| an infection confined to one area of the body | Local infection |
| temperature above which bacterial growth will not take place | Maximum temperature |
| a living organism capable of transmitting infections by carrying the disease agent on its external body parts or surfaces | Mechanical vector |
| bacteria that prefer moderate temperatures and develop best at temperatures between 25 and 40 degrees Celsius | Mesophile |
| requiring very little free oxygen: as found with certain bacteria | Microaerophilic |
| scientific study of microorganisms and their effects on other living organisms | Microbiology |
| temperature below which bacterial growth will not take place | Minimum temperature |
| infection caused by two or more organisms | Mixed infection |
| a relationship in which organisms of two different species live in close association to the mutual benefit of each | Mutualism |
| the branch of science concerned with the study of fungi | Mycology |
| a group of bacteria that lack cell walls and are highly pleomorphic | Mycoplamas |
| organisms that are free-living; relationships are not required for survival | Non-Symbiotic |
| the microbial population that lives with the host in a healthy condition | Normal flora |
| an organism that exists as part of the normal flora but may become pathogenic under certain condtitions | Opportunist |
| temperature at which organisms grow best | Optimum temperature |
| pressure that develops when two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane | Osmotic pressure |
| an epidemic that has become very widespread or is worldwide | Pandemic |
| the state of producing or being able to produce pathological changes and disease | Pathogenicity |
| the first infection that a host has after a period of health from which a second infection develops | Primary infection |
| a small proteinaceous infectious particle that is believed to be responsible for spongiform encephalopathies in humans and other mammals | Prion |
| eukaryotic, animal-like, unicellular organisms; some of which may be pathogenic | Protozoa |
| science that deals with the study of protozoa | Protozoology |
| bacteria that prefer cold, thriving at temperatures between 0 and 25 degrees celsius | Psychrophile |
| a genus of gram-negative, pathogenic, obligates intracellular parasitic bacteria | Rickettsia |
| area of science that studies Rickettsia | Rickettsiology |
| process to promote and establish conditions which minimize or eliminate biohazards | Sanitation |
| infection caused by a different organism than the one causing the primary infection | Secondary Infection |
| condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood | Septicemia |
| a genus of spiral bacteria having a corkscrew shape with a rigid cell wall | Spirillum (pl. Spirilla) |
| spiral-shaped bacteria having a flexible cell wall | Spirochete |
| a disease which occurs occasionally in a random or isolated manner | Sporadic |
| a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, opportunistic bacteria which tend to aggregate in irregular, grape-like clusters | Staphylococcus |
| a process of completely removing or destroying all life forms and their products including endospores | Sterilization |
| rod-shaped bacteria occurring in chains | Streptobacilli |
| spherical-shaped bacteria occurring in chains | Streptococci |
| a microbe that can live only in the presence of free oxygen | Strict (obligate) aerobe |
| a microbe that can survive only in the absence of free oxygen | Strict (obligate) anaerobe |
| an organism that is completely dependent on its living host for survival | Strict (obligate) parasite |
| an organism that can survive only on dead or decaying organic matter | Strict (obligate) saprophyte |
| a relationship in which organisms of different species live in close nutritional relationships | Symbiosis |
| the relationship between two or more microorganisms or different species in which they grow better together but can survive alone | Synergism |
| bacteria that thrive best at high temperatures, between 40 and 70 degrees celsius | Thermophile |
| the presence of toxins in the blood | Toxemia |
| an organism that due to its own virulence is able to produce disease | True Pathogen |
| a poisonous substance of plant, animal, bacterial, or fungal origin | Toxin |
| a genus of spiral bacteria which are curved or bent rods that resemble commas | Vibrio |
| an agent destructive to viruses | Virucide |
| the study of viruses and viral diseases | Virology |
| relative power of an organism to produce disease | Virulence |
| an intracellular, infectious parasite capable of replicating only in living cells, containing only one form of nucleic acid. | Virus |
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