Referring to an allele that masks the presence of another allele

Science of heredity, or how traits are passed from parents to offspring

Austrian monk who lived in the 1800s and discovered the laws of inheritance by careful, repeated experiments with pea plants; called the "father of genetics".

Referring to an allele that is masked by the presence of another allele (called dominant) for the same gene when both are present in a heterozygote; or referring to a trait controlled by such an allele.

One of the alternate versions of a particular gene.

Combination of alleles that an individual inherits for a given gene.

Expression of an organism's genotype as a trait in the organism.

Chart for determining the possible genotypes and their likely ratios in offspring of two parents of given genotypes.

genetically modified organism (GMO)

Organism that has been given one or more new genes so it will have traits that make it more useful to people.

All the genetic information of a species.

Group of three nitrogen bases in RNA or DNA that is the genetic code word for a single amino acid or for a start or stop signal.

Random change in the nitrogen base sequence of DNA or RNA.

Process in which a protein is made, consisting of transcription of DNA to RNA in the nucleus and translation of RNA to a protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Single-stranded nucleic acid that transcribes and translates the genetic code in DNA to make proteins, among other functions.

First of two steps of protein synthesis in which RNA makes a copy of the genetic code in DNA in the nucleus of a cell.

Second of two steps of protein synthesis in which the genetic code in RNA is read and amino acids are joined together to form a protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Double-stranded nucleic acid that stores genetic information in its sequence of nitrogen bases.

Process occurring before cell division in which DNA is copied.

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Genetics

Biology (9)

Question	Answer
dominant	Referring to an allele that masks the presence of another allele
genetics	Science of heredity, or how traits are passed from parents to offspring
Mendel	Austrian monk who lived in the 1800s and discovered the laws of inheritance by careful, repeated experiments with pea plants; called the "father of genetics".
recessive	Referring to an allele that is masked by the presence of another allele (called dominant) for the same gene when both are present in a heterozygote; or referring to a trait controlled by such an allele.
allele	One of the alternate versions of a particular gene.
genotype	Combination of alleles that an individual inherits for a given gene.
phenotype	Expression of an organism's genotype as a trait in the organism.
Punnett square	Chart for determining the possible genotypes and their likely ratios in offspring of two parents of given genotypes.
genetically modified organism (GMO)	Organism that has been given one or more new genes so it will have traits that make it more useful to people.
genetic disorder	Disease caused by a mutation.
genome	All the genetic information of a species.
codon	Group of three nitrogen bases in RNA or DNA that is the genetic code word for a single amino acid or for a start or stop signal.
mutation	Random change in the nitrogen base sequence of DNA or RNA.
protein synthesis	Process in which a protein is made, consisting of transcription of DNA to RNA in the nucleus and translation of RNA to a protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
RNA (ribonucleic acid)	Single-stranded nucleic acid that transcribes and translates the genetic code in DNA to make proteins, among other functions.
transcription	First of two steps of protein synthesis in which RNA makes a copy of the genetic code in DNA in the nucleus of a cell.
translation	Second of two steps of protein synthesis in which the genetic code in RNA is read and amino acids are joined together to form a protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)	Double-stranded nucleic acid that stores genetic information in its sequence of nitrogen bases.
DNA replication	Process occurring before cell division in which DNA is copied.

Created by: haqcyn

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