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Zoology, lecture 4
Invertebrates: Cnidaria
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cnidaria Classes | Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Anthozoa |
| Hydra | A genus of simple freshwater animals in the class hydrozoa. They are usually a few mm long and they are sessile animals that catch their prey using their long cnidocyte covered tentacles. |
| Hydra digestion | They use their cnidocytes to paralyze their prey and then they use their tentacles to force it into their gastric cavity which is lined with cells producing digestive enzymes. |
| Hydra circulation | Hydra have no circulatory system so nutrients are delivered directly from the gastric cavity to each cell. |
| Hydra movement | They can move by detaching their heads, somersaulting, attaching their mouths and then flipping again. They can also detach all together and flow with the current to a new substrate. |
| Hydra reproduction | Hydra can bud under the right conditions. They also grow numerous testes. They release sperm into the water and it is attracted to females with eggs. Some are hermaphroditic. |
| Obelia | A genus in the class Hydrozoa (mostly marine) with both a polyp and medusa stage in their life cycle. |
| Obelia colony | The polyps reproduce asexually forming a colony of members with designated jobs. Some polyps are for reproduction, some are for eating. The ones that eat feed the others. |
| Obelia reproduction | The sexual individuals of the colony produce free swimming medusa that will settle and grow a new obelia colony. |
| Portuguese Man O' War | A colony of specialized individuals in the hydrozoa class--some are for floating, others for reproduction, others for eating. |
| Scyphozoa | ךכוס תוזודמ A class within the phylum cnidaria. Sometimes called "true jellies" |
| Anthozoa | םיגומלא A class within the phylum cnidaria. The class of sea anemones and corals. |
| Corals | A marine organism from the class anthozoa that includes stony corals that draw calcium carbonate out of the water to make themselves hard and soft corals. |
| Hydrozoa | םייתרדיה |
| Fire Corals | A group of animals, which, though they look like corals are actually more closely related to jelly fish. They have harder skeletons but they still have stinging cells. |
| Gastrovascular digestive system | Cnidaria have no separate circulatory system--their digestive system branches delivering nutrients and removing waste from all parts of their body. |
| Cnidarian life cycle | There are 2 stages--medusa (pelagic) and polyp (sessile). A classic example can be found in scyphozoa. |
| תורוד ףוליח | The first life cycle of the cnidaria--the polyp grows and reproduces asexually producing medusae but the medusa grows sex organs and reproduces sexually producing the polyps. (defined by how they are produced). |
| Polyp | A stage in the life cycle of cnidaria produced through sexual reproduction (so it's called the sexual generation) |
| Medusa | A stage in the life cycle of cnidaria produced through asexual reproduction. Some hydrozoans and all of the corals have lost this stage. |
| Life cycle reduction | Results in only a polyp stage--the polyp takes on both asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual through budding, sexual through production of gonads. |
| Cnidarian symmetry | Primary radial symmetry (that is, radial symmetry that is evident after embryonic development. |
| Secondary radial symmetry | The coelenterata embryo develops with bilateral symmetry but later in the life cycle the individuals can develop secondary radial symmetry. (like certain marine worms) |
| Diploblastic tissue structure of coelenterata | They have a standard structure and vary only in the thickness of their mesoglea. |
| Diffused nervous/sensory system | Their nervous system is peripheral meaning that they have no point specific control over different parts. |
| Epitheliomuscular cells | Arranged carefully forming a solid surface with nerve cells interspersed. Their muscle fibers allow them to contract/expand in response to יוריג |
| Action mechanism of Cnidocytes | Recognition of prey (chemically or mechanically) triggers a chain reaction where the cnidocil sets off the nematocyst releasing the string. The release causes a flow of water in, releasing the poison out. |
Created by:
YaelNoa
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