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Science Q1-Q2 review
Dis is Jan andrei reviewer dont touch only classmate can :3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The term _______ comes from the Greek word lithos, meaning ‘rock’. The Earth’s lithosphere is the solid, rocky portion of the Earth’s surface and is made up of the crust and the upper mantle. It is about 100 km thick (60 miles.) | Lithosphere |
| The ______ is the mechanically weak and ductile region of the upper mantle of Earth. It lies below the lithosphere, | Asthenosphere |
| It is the thin outer layer and is divided into oceanic crust and continental crust. | Crust |
| The ___________is the thin and denser portion of the crust and mainly formed the ocean basin. Its dense characteristic allows it to sink under water. The thinnest point is at Marianas Trench. It is made up of mostly of basalt rocks. | Oceanic Crust |
| The ________ formed most of the continents and is thicker but less dense. The thickest portion of it is at the peak of Mt. Everest. It is made up mostly of granite rocks. | Continental Crust |
| The Earth’s lithosphere when devoid of its water and vegetation looks crack. This crack formed the boundaries that divide them into huge slabs of lithosphere is called _________ | Tectonic Plates |
| _________ and its activities are responsible for the movement along its boundaries. | Tectonic Plates |
| Currently, there are nine major lithospheric plates (tectonic plates) namely ______ | African, Antarctic, Australian, Eurasian, Indian, Indo-Australian, North American, Pacific, South American |
| The names of the minor plates are the | Scotia plate, the Nazca plate, the Cocos plate, the Carribean plate, the Juan de Fuca, the Arabian plate, the Phillipine plate. |
| It refers to the sudden movement of the Earth’s crust as it adjusts to the sudden released of energy from the source. | Earthquake |
| The ______ is the place inside Earth's crust where an earthquake originates. | Focus or Hypocenter |
| The area directly above the focus is referred to as the ________ | Epicenter |
| Tectonic earthquake results when rocks underneath the Earth’s surface move and suddenly releases energy in the form of seismic waves. This is most often released by __________ | Elastic Strain |
| The energy released in an earthquake is in the form of ______. ________ are elastic waves that are created after the rocks move in the focus. The magnitude of an earthquake depends on the energy contained by each wave(One answer here) | Seismic Wave |
| There are two major types of Seismic Waves: | The Surface waves and the body waves. |
| _________are often felt on the Earth’s crust and is often produces damage on the Earth’s surface. There are two types: the Rayleigh wave and the Love wave. | Surface wave |
| The ________ moves in an up and down direction just like a rolling motion. | Rayleigh wave |
| the ________ moves in a side to side direction, like the movement of a snake. | Love wave |
| The ________travel inside the Earth’s interior. It has two types: the compressional, longitudinal wave called the primary wave (P wave) and the shear, transverse wave called the secondary wave (S wave) | Body wave |
| The __________ (primary, compressional, longitudinal wave) travels in solid, liquid and gas. It is the faster and the first to be detected in the seismic station. As seismic wave, its particles move in alternating compression (push) and dilation (pull | P-wave |
| The ________ (Secondary, shear, transverse wave) travels in solid only. It is slower than the P-wave. Its particles move in alternating transverse motion perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of the wave. It arrives in the seismic station | S-wave |
| When looking for the epicenter of an earthquake, scientists utilized the________ | Triangulation Method |
| The Triangulation method formula is | D=TD÷8 seconds ×100km |
| The process of shaping the Earth’s geological surface. This may include the processes of faulting and folding | Diastrophism |
| This process resulted from the compressing or stretching of the lithosphere under cooler temperature | Faulting |
| This process resulted from the side to side compression while the rocks are warm and flexible | Folding |
| It is a place in the Pacific where active volcanoes are found | Ring of Fire |
| This refers to the mechanism that occurs behind the geologic change in mountain formation | Orogeny |
| These are big slabs of lithospheric rocks | Tectonic Plates |
| This is a unifying theory that states that the Earth’s lithosphere is broken and made up of big slabs of rocks called tectonic plates | Plate Tectonic Theory |
| __________ are volcanic regions that are formed because of the presence of active mantle activities where magma oozes out. | Hotspots |
| A _________ is a proposed mechanism of convection within the Earth's mantle | Mantle Plume |
| One effect of the tectonic activities is the formation of mountain and mountain ranges which usually involved folding and faulting in a process called __________. | Diastrophism |
| ___________are important because they are often associated with earthquakes and volcanoes | Plate Boundaries |
| ___________ is the first type of plate boundary and considered as a constructive plate boundary. The plates move away from each other causing a zone of tension. This happens in the mid-ocean ridges. Some of the indications that the crust is spreading are | Divergent Plate Boundary |
| __________ is the second type of plate boundary or destructive plate boundary. In this type of plate boundary, the two plates move toward each other causing a collision. | Convergent Plate Boundary |
| Colliding ________ results in the formation of a volcanic island arc near the edge of a continental leading plate. Subduction is the reason behind this, when the denser oceanic crust bends towards the mantle. | Converging Continental and Oceanic Plate |
| One is usually subducted under the other in ________ convergence. | Converging Oceanic and Oceanic Plate |
| When two _____ a collission zone is formed. There will be no trench, no volcano and no volcanic island arc created for this process but a big group of tall mountains called mountain range is created. | Converging Continental and Continental Plate |
| ________ is the third type of plate boundary where the plates sliding fast from each other | Transform fault boundary |
| The force applied to a rock and may cause deformation is known as _______ | Stress |
| ________ is a type of stress that causes the rocks to push or squeeze against one another. | Compression |
| __________ is the opposite of compression. While compression forces the rocks and crust to collide and move together, ______ forces the rocks to pull apart.(one answer) | Tension |
| When two plates rub against each other as they move in opposite directions ______ stress happens. | Shear |
| ________ are transverse waves made up of electric and magnetic field | Electromagnetic wave |
| The order of the types of EM waves is: | Radio wave, Microwave, Infrared, Visible light, UV, X-rays, Gamma rays |
| The Types of EM waves are | Radio wave, Microwave, Infrared, Visible light, UV, X-rays, Gamma rays |
| The shorter the wavelength (and higher the frequency) of electromagnetic waves ______________ | the more energy that they carry. |
| He discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. | Hans Christian Oersted |
| He Showed experimental evidence of electromagnetic waves and their link to light | Michael Faraday |
| He Contributed in developing equations showing the relationship of electricity magnetism. | André-Marie Ampère |
| He formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, bringing together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as manifestations of the same phenomenon. | James Clerk Maxwell |
| He Demonstrated the magnetic effect based on the direction of current | Heinrich Rudolf Hertz |
| The unit of frequency of a radio wave -- one cycle per second -- is named the ______, in honor of Heinrich Hertz. | Hertz |
| it is The bouncing off of light rays when it hits a surface like a plane mirror | Reflection |
| The ray of light approaching the mirror represented by an arrow approaching an optical element like mirrors. | Incident Ray. |
| The ray of light which leaves the mirror and is represented by an arrow pointing away from the mirror. | Reflected Ray. |
| An imaginary line that can be drawn perpendicular to the surface of the mirror at the point of incidence where the ray strikes the mirror | Normal Line. |
| one of the rules of reflection is | "The normal line, incident ray, and the reflected ray lie on the same plane." |
| A ______ is an instrument for observation over, around or through an object, obstacle or condition that prevents direct line of-sight observation from an observer's current position. | Periscope |
| What is a "real" image | Image is made from "real" light rays that converge at a real focal point, so the image is REAL |
| A virtual image is | "Not Real" because it cannot be projected |
| This is a reflection of light on smooth surfaces such as mirrors or a calm body of water. An example of this is the image of the Mayon volcano on a calm water | Specular/ Regular Reflection. |
| This is a reflection of light on rough surfaces such as clothing, paper, wavy water, and the asphalt roadway. An example of this is the image of a mountain on a wavy body of water | Diffused/Irregular Reflection. |
| A ________is a reflecting surface in which its surface is a section of sphere. There are two kinds of curved mirrors, the concave and the convex mirrors. | Curved Mirror |
| mirror in which the reflective surface bulges away from the light source.. | Concave Mirrors |
| It is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges towards the light source. | The Convex Mirror |
| is the bending of light when it travels from one medium to another. Images are formed when light refracts as it encounters a boundary between two different materials. | Refraction |
| ________-, also called index of refraction, measure of the bending of a ray of light when passing from one medium into another. | refractive index, |
| A _______ is a transparent material made of glass or plastic that refracts light rays and focuses (or appear to focus) them at a point. | Lens |
| The Types of Converging lenses are: | Double-convex lens, Plano-convex lens, Converging meniscus lens |
| The types of Diverging lenses are: | Double-concave lens, Plano-concave lens, diverging meniscus lens |
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