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Protein Synthesis

QuestionAnswer
Nucleic Acid A type of organic molecule that functions in protein synthesis in a cell.
DNA A type of nucleic acid that functions as the “master set of instructions” during protein synthesis. It is an antiparallel double-helix made up of the bases A, T, C and G. Happens in the nucleus. Cannot leave the nucleus because it's too big.
RNA A type of nucleic acid that functions as the “blueprint set of instructions” during protein synthesis. It is a single-stranded molecule made up of the bases A, U, C and G. Happens in the cytoplasm. Can leave the nucleus.
Nucleotide The building block of a nucleic acid composed of a sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
Law Of Base Pairing A building block of DNA. The DNA has two sides that are connected by two different letters.
Ribose The sugar in an RNA nucleotide.
Deoxyribose The sugar in a DNA nucleotide.
Anti-Parallel A term used to describe the structure of DNA. The two strands are parallel to one another but run in opposite directions.
James Watson & Francis Crick The men who discovered the double-helical structure of DNA was a double helix.
Rosalind Franklin Took a picture that revealed the shape of DNA.
Helicase A catalyst that splits the DNA strands into two.
Ligase A catalyst that brings building blocks united.
Polymerase A catalyst that includes nucleotides that copies.
mRNA Single strand which makes it able to fit in the nucleus and soon transfer the info to the DNA. Is a codon. In the nucleus.
tRNA Transfers the amino acids to the ribosome. Is an anticodon. Attaches to the amino acid. In the cytoplasm.
Codon Three building blocks that make a certain code for amino acids.
Anticodon The three parts of tRNA.
Transcription In a procedure when DNA converts a cell into a RNA copy. (mRNA) Occurs in the nucleus.
Translation When you convert mRNA to amino acids or proteins. Occurs in the ribosome or cytoplasm.
Mutation When something like a disease interferes with the DNA protein that makes it gone or only some of the parts there.
Frameshift Mutation A change in the order of the DNA that people read.
Insertion When you have at least one extra part of DNA.
Substitution When a pair gets switched with a different pair.
Deletion Getting rid of one or more building blocks inside of a gene.
Proteins Are made in the ribosome.
Created by: jschwartzman
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