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AP Bio transcription
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nucleotides | RNA monomers |
| RNA includes | monomers, phosphates, ribose sugar, nitrogen bases |
| what is a difference between DNA and RNA? | RNA has ribose |
| what does A pair with? | Uracil "U" |
| What shape does RNA have? | Single strand |
| ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | major component of RNA |
| transfer RNA (tRNA) | folded upon itself and carries amino acids to the mRNA |
| messenger RNA (mRNA) | sequence of nucleotides that determines the sequence of the polypeptide. Its made in the nucleus of the DNA |
| snRNA (small nuclear "snurps") | forms the spliceosomes used to cut out introns |
| siRNA (small interfering) | targets specific mRNA and prohibits it from being expressed |
| TATA box is only in what kind of cell? | eukaryotic cells |
| promoter region | binding site at the beginning of gene for RNA polymerase &transcription factors |
| RNA polymerase | lays nucleotides from 5' to 3' |
| transcription factors are: | proteins, hormones (cell signaling), turn on or off transcription |
| extrons | real gene (expressed/coding gene) keep these |
| introns | non-coded section. don't keep these |
| spliceosomes | cut out introns w/ ribosomes (snRNA) |
| what goes in front of mRNA strand? | 5' GTP cap |
| what goes at the end of an mRNA strand? | polypeptide A-tail |
| coding strand | the protein that's needed (sense strand) |
| template strand | anti-sense strand |
| How many different combinations are there? | 64 (4X4) |
| How many amino acids actually exist in the human body? | 20 (redundancy) |
| Why is it important for there to be redundant amino acids? | In case there is a mistake, you still get the amino acids you need. |
| what is the start codon? | AUG methionine |
| what are the stop codons? | UGA, UAA, UAG |
| what are the ribosomal RNA units? | Large and small |
| what is the A site? | where the tRNA arrives |
| what is the p site? | where the polypeptide chain grows |
| what is the e site? | where the tRNA exits |
| tRNA has- | anti-codons |
| intiation | -mRNA, ribosome subunits, initiator tRNA come together |
| elongation | adding amino acids |
| termination | stop codons |
| if mRNA goes through the ER what happens? | A vesicle will surround it and will go to the Golgi to be modified. Then it will leave the cell |
Created by:
cowdy
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