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BJU Biology - Ch 24

BJU Biology 4th edition - Chapter 24

TermDefinition
addiction The continued use of habit-forming drugs; the inability to stop using a drug for physical or psychological reasons or both.
adrenal gland Endocrine gland located on each kidney; composed of cortex and medulla regions.
alcoholism A dependence on the substance alcohol.
androgen A male sex hormone produced by the testes.
depressant A drug that slows down the central nervous system; may cause drowsiness and sleep.
diabetes mellitus A disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by hereditary & environmental factors & characterized by inadequate utilization of insulin, excessive urine production, excessive amounts of sugar in the blood and urine, and thirst, hunger, & loss of weight.
drug A chemical that causes a change in the function or structure of a living tissue.
epinephrine Adrenaline; a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that stimulates reactions needed in emergencies.
estrogen A class of female sex hormones that stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics.
glucagon A hormone that raises the blood sugar level; also stimulates break down of fats that form glucose.
gonad A reproductive organ.
growth hormone A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland; primarily effects the bone growth.
hallucinogen A drug that amplifies and effects a person's judgement and can produce hallucinations (visions).
hormone In animals, a chemical regulator produced in ductless glands and carried in blood, affecting metabolism.
hypersecretion Excessive production of a substance.
hyposecretion Insufficient production of a substance.
inhalant A substance that releases vapors that are then inhaled and taken into the bloodstream.
A substance that releases vapors that are then inhaled and taken into the bloodstream. A hormone produced by the pancreas; helps control glucose level in blood.
narcotic An addictive drug that induces a sense of euphoria and sleepiness, followed by anxiety; derived from opium or manufactured synthetically.
negative feedback system A biochemical system in which the products inhibit the operation of the process.
norepinephrine A hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; functions with adrenaline during stressful situations.
physical withdrawal Physical symptoms that occur when a person stops taking a physically addictive drug.
pituitary gland An endocrine gland attached to the lower part of the brain.
psychoactive drug A drug that alters the emotional state of the user and often alters his sense of reality.
psychological addiction An emotional dependence on a substance after a period of use.
puberty The period of hormonal-induced change during which the secondary sex characteristics develop.
stimulant A substance that increases the action of the central nervous system, often masking fatigue.
target cell Cell that is activated by hormones.
testosterone The male sex hormone that promotes the development of secondary sex characteristics; one of the androgens.
thyroid gland Endocrine gland that affects bone development and the body's overall rate of metabolism.
thyroxine The thyroid hormone that regulates the metabolic rate.
tolerance The body's response to prolonged use of narcotics in which increasingly greater amounts are required to obtain the same respone.
Created by: marchscience
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