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Oxygenation Vocab
UTHSCSA N3802 Oxygenation Vocab and Lab values
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aspiration | an inflammatory condition of the lungs and bronchi caused by inhaling foreign material or vomitus |
| Cyanosis | Blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the presence of desaturated hemoglobin in capillaries; late sign of hypoxia |
| Diaphragmatic breathing | breathing in which the client concentrates on expanding the diaphragm during inspiration (belly goes out); used for pulmonary Dx, post-op, women in labor, promote relaxation, pain control |
| Diffusion | the process for the exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and the capillaries of the body tissues |
| Dyspnea | subjective sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing |
| Expiration | passive process of breathing in which the lungs elastically recoil |
| Hemoptysis | blood in sputum |
| Hemothorax | accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity between the parietal and visceral pleurae |
| Humidification | process of adding water to a gas |
| Hyperventilation | state of ventilation in excess of that required to eliminate the carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism; too much in and out of air at the alveolar level, not way of breathing |
| Hypoventilation | state of ventilation when alveolar ventilation in inadequate to meet the body’s demand for oxygen or to eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide |
| Hypovolemia | reduced circulating blood volume |
| Hypoxia | inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level |
| Incentive spirometry | equipment to encourage deep breathing by providing visual feedback about inspiratory volume; to prevent or treat atelectasis |
| Inspiration | active process of breathing caused by the change in air pressure in the lungs created by diaphragm and external costal muscle contraction |
| Atelectasis | collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal exchange of gases; form of hypoventilation |
| Nasal Cannula | device in which oxygen is passed through tubing and two cannulas that are inserted in the nares |
| Nebulization | process of adding moisture or medication to inspired air by aerosolization of particles in air |
| Orthopnea | labored breathing that occurs when lying flat and is relieved by sitting up |
| PEFR | Peak Expiratory Flow Rate: the point of highest flow during maximal expiration |
| Pneumothorax | accumulation of air in the pleural space |
| Pursed-lip breathing | breathing which involves deep inspiration and prolonged expiration through pursed lips, like blowing through a straw; to prevent alveolar collapse |
| Ventilation | the movement of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs |
| WOB | work of breathing: effort required to expand and contract the lungs |
| Alveolar-capillary membrane | fusion of capillary wall and the very thin epithelial cells of the alveoli across which all gas exchange occurs |
| Alveoli | air sac of the lung |
| Perfusion | blood flow in a tissue (in this set of cards—the lung) |
| Surfactant | lipoprotein substance that decrease the surface tension in the alveoli and therefore aids the lungs inflation |
| Pleura | membrane that encases the lungs |
| Pleural cavity | space between visceral and parietal pleura |
| Transport | once oxygen has diffused across the alveolar-capillary membrane, the movement of oxygen from the lungs |
| Compliance | measure of the ease of expansion of the lungs |
| PaO2 | the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood measured in mm Hg |
| SaO2 | the % of hemoglobin attachments that have oxygen attached (Hb w/ O2 ÷ total Hb O2 carrying capacity) |
| Normal PaO2 | 80-100 mm Hg |
| Normal SaO2 | >95% |
| PaCO2 | the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood measure in mm Hg |
| Normal PaCO2 | 35-45 mm Hg |
| HCO3- | bicarbonate ion |
| Adequate PaO2 | >60 mm Hg (adequate oxygenation for most patients) |
| Adequate SpO2 | >90% (adequate oxygenation for most patients) |
| Chronic hypoxemia PaO2 | >55 mm Hg (adequate if has no heart probs, used as criteria for prescription of continuous O2 therapy) |
| Chronic hypoxemia SpO2 | >88 % (adequate if has no heart probs, used as criteria for prescription of continuous O2 therapy) |
| Oxygenation Emergency PaO2 | < 40 mm Hg (tissue hypoxia and cardiac dysrhythmias expected) |
| Oxygenation Emergency SpO2 | <75 % (tissue hypoxia and cardiac dysrhythmias expected) |
| Normal Hg | 12-16 g/100mL in women; 14-18 g/100mL in men |
| Hypopnea | shallow and slow breathing |
| Hyperpnea | increased rate or deep breathing |
| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| Hypercapnia | increased partial pressure of CO2 in the blood |
| Hypercarbia | increase partial pressure of CO2 in the blood |
| Hypocapnia | decreased partial pressure of CO2 in the blood |
| Hypocarbia | decreased partial pressure of CO2 in the blood |
| Bronchodilator | a drug that expands the bronchi by relaxing bronchial muscles |
| Before hypoxia | hypoxemia |
| After hypoxemia | hypoxia |
| Pneumonia | acute inflammation of the lungs usually caused by a microbial organism |
| Tachypnea | increased breathing rate (> 24 bpm) |
| Bradypnea | decreased breathing rate (<10 bpm) |
| CRT normal | capillary refill time < 3 seconds |
| Apnea | not breathing |
| pH, PaCO2, HCO3 values of respiratory acidosis | pH--<7.35, PaCO2-->45, HCO3—normal |
| PH, PaCO2, HCO3 values of respiratory alkalosis | pH-->7.45, PaCO2--<35, HCO3—normal |
Created by:
dietrichl
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