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Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the three principal parts of a generalized cell: | Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus |
| Sketch and label a diagram of the principal constituents of the plasma membrane. | a) Integral protein b) Channel c) Carbohydrate d) Cholesterol e) Lipid bilayer f) Peripheral protein |
| State the difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins. | Integral proteins penetrate through the membrane; peripheral proteins are on the inner or outer surface. |
| Name the two types (categories) of membrane proteins. | Integral and peripheral |
| List three functions of the cell membrane: | Channel Transporter Receptor Enzymes Anchor Identify marker |
| The fluid inside a cell is called the | intracellular fluid |
| while the fluid outside the cell is called the | extracellular fluid |
| Define the terms active and passive with respect to membrane transport. | Passive transport involves movement from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration without an expenditure of energy. Active transport involves the movement of materials against a concentration gradient with the use of energy. |
| Define the term osmosis. | Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration. |
| Define the terms hypotonic and hypertonic. | In a hypotonic solution, a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water occurs. In contrast, a hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water. |
| Describe the cytosol of the cell. | The cytosol of the cell is the viscous fluid within which the organelles and inclusions are suspended. It is the site of most intracellular chemical reactions. |
| Describe the structure of the nucleus. | The nucleus is a spherical structure surrounded by a double membrane, and contains the nucleolus and chromatin. |
| Describe the structure and location of the ribosomes. | Ribosomes are small globular granules (about 25 nm across) made of ribosomal RNA and protein. They are found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Identify the function of the lysosomes | Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes used by cells to reprocess intracellular materials such as cell membranes, and extracellular materials such as bone. |
| What is the function of the microtubules? | Microtubules provide shape and structural support for cells. They also provide the mechanism for the movement of cilia and flagella, and for the movement of chromosomes during mitosis. |
| Identify the primary function of cilia. | Cilia cause the movement of materials such as mucous across cell surfaces. |
| What is the cytoskeleton? | The cytoskeleton is a framework within the cell; its function is related mainly to movement and support. It is made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. |
| The cytoskeleton proteins with the smallest diameter are called | microfilaments |
| Define the terms transcription and translation. | Transcription is the copying of a base sequence of DNA into a base sequence of RNA. Translation is the use of a base sequence of messenger RNA to assemble a corresponding sequence of amino acids. |
| Fill in the appropriate RNA nucleotide that would be expected to pair with the DNA nucleotide shown below: C--T--T--A--G--A--G--A--T—G | G--A--A--U--C--U--C--U--A--C |
| The process of transcription provides which three types of RNA? | Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA |
| What is the anticodon? | The anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on a transfer RNA molecule, which allows the t-RNA to bind to a specific sequence of three nucleotides on the messenger RNA. |
| What is a termination (stop) codon? | A termination codon is a three-nucleotide sequence in messenger RNA that signifies the end of the message. |
| What is a gene? What is its function? | A gene is a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA that determines the amino acid sequence of a protein. |
| For successful somatic cell division to occur, the cell must undergo mitosis followed by cytokinesis. Explain these two terms. | Division of the nucleus Division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis) |
| A cell spends most of its life in what stage of the life cycle? | Interphase |
| The cellular contents located between the outer limiting membrane of a cell and its nucleus are collectively known as: | Cytoplasm |
| Which lipids compose approximately three-fourths of the lipids in the plasma membrane of a human cell? | Phospholipids |
| Which cell organelle is the site of fatty acid, phospholipid, and steroid synthesis? | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Which of the following is true about simple diffusion? | When equilibrium is obtained in diffusion, random molecular motion continues, but net diffusion stops. |
| Concerning vesicular transport, which of the following is false? | In exocytosis, a segment of the plasma membrane surrounds the substance to be taken in, encloses it, and brings it into the cell. |
| Human cells are basically factories that produce large numbers of diverse: | Proteins |
| The only example of a flagellum in the human body is in the: | The correct answer is: Tail of a sperm cell. |
Created by:
nickseaman
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