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The Skeletal System
Bone Tissue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Identify the functions of the skeletal system. | Support Protection Movement Mineral storage Blood cell production Storage of energy |
| What substances make up the intercellular materials of bone? | Intercellular materials consist of mineral salts (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate), mainly collagen fibres, and water. |
| What is an Haversian canal? | An Haversian canal is a tiny channel running through compact bone that carries small blood vessels and nerves. Around these canals are concentric lamellae. An Haversian canal is also called the central canal. |
| What are canaliculi? | Canaliculi are minute channels radiating out from the lacunae that contain cytoplasmic projections from the osteocytes. Canaliculi connect osteocytes in the lacunae with each other and with the central canals. |
| Name the two types of ossification, and give an example of a bone in which each process occurs. | Intramembranous ossification; mandible and flat skull bones Endochondral ossification; tibia, base of the skull, and most bones of the body |
| What are secondary ossification centres? | Secondary ossification centres develop in the epiphyses and lay down spongy bone, infiltrated by blood vessels. |
| Name the structure primarily involved in the increase in the length of long bones. | Epiphyseal plate (line) |
| What is meant by bone remodeling? | Bone remodeling is the constant replacement of old bone with new bone. |
| Describe the function of the osteoclasts. | Osteoclasts function to remove bone during remodelling. They secrete digestive enzymes and acids to attack the bone. |
| List several factors required for bone remodelling. | Ca, P, Mg; vitamins D, A, C, B12; growth hormone; sex hormones |
| Which two hormones regulate Ca homeostasis? | Parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands and calcitonin from the thyroid gland |
| The skeleton functions: | a. As a calcium storage area. b. To transmit forces to do work. c. As support for body soft tissue. d. As protection for internal organs. |
| These cells are unspecialized and derived from mesenchyme, which develop into osteoblasts. | Osteoprogenitor |
| Rings composed of hard, calcified matrix surrounding the Haversian canals are known as: | Concentric lamellae |
| When an osteoblast becomes isolated in a lacuna, it is transformed into a(n): | Osteocyte |
| What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, and to shape the articular surfaces? | Epiphyseal plate |
| Which of the following contains bone marrow? | Medullary cavity |
| Which portion of an endochondral bone is the last to ossify? | Epiphysis |
| Cells that reabsorb previously deposited bone are known as _______________. | Osteoclasts |
Created by:
nickseaman
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