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Investigation 4
Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An organism with cells that have a nucleus | Eukaryote |
| A single-celled organism with no nucleus | Prokaryote |
| A microscopic, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and organelles; have different cell walls and cell membranes than bacteria or eukaryotes | Archaea |
| Microscopic, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and organelles | Bacteria |
| Eukaryotic organism, including molds, mushrooms, and yeasts; can be single-celled or multicellular | Fungi |
| A particle that is the basic building block of matter | Atoms |
| A particle made up of two or more smaller particles held together by chemical bonds | Molecules |
| True or False: Bacteria are non-living. If you say true defend your answer. If you say false defend your answer | False because bacteria have cells. Anything with a cell is living |
| The levels of complexity of the building blocks of life from least complex to most complex are: | ATOMS (C, H, N, O, P) → MOLECULES (carbohydrates, lipid, protein) → CELL STRUCTURES ( nucleus, ribosomes, cell wall) → CELLS (any of them! As long as they contain the cell structure you built) ... This is a plant cell because it has a cell wall |
| The most basic building block of life is an ________ | atom |
| Explain how bacteria reproduce. | Bacteria reproduce asexually |
| Explain asexual reproduction. | 1. Organism grows 2. Makes a copy of its own DNA 3. Splits in two |
| What role do plasmids play in bacteria's reproduction | Plasmids are unique to bacterial cells and can be exchanged through a tube between two bacteria and each new cell gets new DNA. This allows the bacteria to acquire new traits. |
| List 2 ways bacteria can be beneficial. | Potential ways bacteria can be BENEFICIAL - antibiotics, decomposers, digestion, food production |
| 2 ways bacteria can be harmful. | Potential ways bacteria can be HARMFUL - bacterial infection (ex E coli), epidemics (plague, typhus, lyme disease) |
| Explain what happens when bacteria is added to yogurt. | When added to yogurt, bacteria break down the sugar in milk called lactose. They eat the lactose for food and give off lactic acid as a waste product |
| Explain how fungal cells reproduce. | Fungal cells can produce both asexually and sexually. Spores are the reproductive cells of fungus. They travel by wind, water, animals, or air - this is how mushrooms and molds reproduce sexually. Yeast in bread reproduce asexually by budding. |
| Which cell is the archaean cell most like? | Bacterial cell |
| Explain what happens when yeast is added to bread dough. | Yeast consumes carbohydrates in the bread dough and eliminates carbon dioxide as waste. This gas causes bread dough to expand and the holes remain |
| List 2 ways fungi can be beneficial | Ways fungi can be BENEFICIAL - penicillin (antibiotic made from fungi), molds that make cheese (brie, gorgonzola), yeast makes bread, mushrooms, decomposers |
| 2 ways fungi can be harmful. | Ways fungi can be HARMFUL - poisonous mushrooms (ex. Destroying angel), mildew spores = respiratory issues, asthma, irritations |
| How is the fungal cell unique? | Fungal cells have an opening in their cell wall that allows fluids, proteins, and even nuclei to flow from one cell to the next. This means a single cell could have more than one nucleus at a time. |
| Even though the archaean cell is most like ________, how is it different? | Even though the archaean cell has the same cell structures as a bacterial cell, the molecules that make up the cell wall, cell membrane, and ribosomes are different from those that make up those structures in the bacterial cell. |
| How were living things first classified? | First, Aristotle classified living things as 2 kingdoms - plants and animals |
| What were the 5 kingdoms? | The 5 kingdoms were plants, animals, protist, bacteria, and fungus. |
| The invention of the ______ helped expand the classification of plants and animals | microscope |
| How are living things classified now? | . Currently these 3 domains remain how we classify living organisms - bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungus, protist). |
| After everything we learned about bacterial, fungal, and archaean cells - what is the strongest evidence that explains which one we are most like? | Humans are the most like fungal cells because we are made of animal cells, which have a nucleus and are considered eukaryotic. Of the three choices (bacterial cells, fungal cells, and archaean cells), only fungal cells contain a nucleus and are also consi |
| What is the difference between prokaryoric and eukarytotic cells | Prokaryotic cells are unicellar and eukarytic cells are multicellular. Organisms that are prokaryotic reproduce asexually |
| Protist = | Eukaryotic |
| Fungal | Eukaryotic |
| Animal Cell | Eukaryotic |
| Plant Cell | Eukaryotic |
| Bacteria | Prokaryoti |
Created by:
Sugarrey1
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