Question 1

Identify four properties of muscle tissue that enable it to function

Accepted Answer

Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

Question 2

Identify the three types of muscle tissue, and characterize each in terms of striated/nonstriated and voluntary/involuntary

Accepted Answer

Skeletal; striated, voluntary
Cardiac; striated, involuntary
Smooth; nonstriated, involuntary

Question 3

The entire muscle is wrapped in the _________________.

Accepted Answer

Epimysium

Question 4

Name the specific connective tissue that divides muscles into bundles of fibres called fascicles

Accepted Answer

Perimysium

Question 5

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is modified endoplasmic reticulum, and its function is to contain calcium ions and release them upon stimulation into the sarcoplasm to trigger muscle contraction.

Question 6

What proteins make up the thin myofilaments of muscle?

Accepted Answer

Actin
Troponin
Tropomyosin

Question 7

What is a motor unit?

Accepted Answer

A motor unit is a single motor neuron and all the fibres it stimulates.

Question 8

Describe the events that occur at a neuromuscular junction, and which result in the contraction of skeletal muscle.

Accepted Answer

A nerve impulse causes a release of acetylcholine that diffuses across the synaptic cleft. Acetylcholine receptors on muscle fibre bind acetylcholine and generate a muscle action potential.

Question 9

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase destroys the acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft to allow for the transfer of a subsequent stimulus.

Question 10

What two molecules are stored by muscles for use in ATP synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen
Creatine phosphate (phosphocreatine)

Question 11

What is the latent period of a muscle twitch?

Accepted Answer

The latent period of a muscle twitch is the period of time between the stimulus and a muscle fibre contraction.

Question 12

Distinguish between isotonic and isometric contractions.

Accepted Answer

During isotonic contractions, the muscle shortens, but muscle tension remains relatively constant. During an isometric contraction, the muscle length stays about the same, but the tension on the muscle increases.

Question 13

Describe fast glycolytic fibres.

Accepted Answer

Fast-glycolytic fibres have small amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria, and poor capillary supply. They get their ATP from anaerobic metabolism, contract rapidly, and tire quickly.

Question 14

What is the role of gap junctions between the cardiac muscle fibres?

Accepted Answer

The gap junctions between the cardiac muscle fibres allow for the rapid passage of the stimulus for contraction from one cardiac muscle fibre to the next.

Question 15

List three histologic differences between skeletal and smooth muscle cells:

Accepted Answer

Filaments not orderly arranged
Intermediate filaments in smooth muscle
No T tubules in smooth muscle
Scanty SR in smooth muscle

Question 16

What is meant by the term oxygen debt?

Accepted Answer

When muscles are forced to generate ATP under anaerobic conditions, they produce lactic acid as a waste product. At rest, the body must consume extra oxygen, to metabolize this lactic acid. The extra oxygen required is termed the oxygen debt

Question 17

What is muscle tone?

Accepted Answer

Sustained, small contractions give a firmness to a relaxed skeletal muscle that is known as muscle tone.

Question 18

Epimysium

Accepted Answer

Warps the entire muscle

Question 19

Stability

Accepted Answer

Not a principal characteristic of muscle

Question 20

The darker area within a sarcomere, which includes an H zone in the centre, is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A band

Question 21

Which regulatory protein blocks the attachment of myosin cross-bridges to actin?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin

Question 22

In relaxed muscle fibre, which structure stores calcium?

Accepted Answer

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

Creatine phospate provides enough energy for muscles to contract maximally for about ________ seconds.

Accepted Answer

15

Question 24

The oxygen consumed during the “pay back” period of oxygen debt is used for

Accepted Answer

Convert lactic acid back to glycogen.
Resynthesize creatine phosphate and ATP.
Replace the oxygen removed from myoglobin.

Question 25

Calcium is actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum during which period of a myogram’s record of a twitch (muscle) contraction?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation period

Question 26

Sustained, wavering contraction is called

Accepted Answer

Unfused tetanus

Question 27

Which of the following is true about fast glycolytic (FG) skeletal muscle fibres?

Accepted Answer

These fibres fatigue easily.

Question 28

Which of the following is true about smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle can both shorten and stretch to a greater extent than striated muscle.

Question 29

Which type of muscle has striations, a single nucleus, intercalated discs, sarcomeres, transverse tubules, and gap junctions between fibres?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question	Answer
Identify four properties of muscle tissue that enable it to function	Excitability Contractility Extensibility Elasticity
Identify the three types of muscle tissue, and characterize each in terms of striated/nonstriated and voluntary/involuntary	Skeletal; striated, voluntary Cardiac; striated, involuntary Smooth; nonstriated, involuntary
The entire muscle is wrapped in the _________________.	Epimysium
Name the specific connective tissue that divides muscles into bundles of fibres called fascicles	Perimysium
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and what is its function?	The sarcoplasmic reticulum is modified endoplasmic reticulum, and its function is to contain calcium ions and release them upon stimulation into the sarcoplasm to trigger muscle contraction.
What proteins make up the thin myofilaments of muscle?	Actin Troponin Tropomyosin
What is a motor unit?	A motor unit is a single motor neuron and all the fibres it stimulates.
Describe the events that occur at a neuromuscular junction, and which result in the contraction of skeletal muscle.	A nerve impulse causes a release of acetylcholine that diffuses across the synaptic cleft. Acetylcholine receptors on muscle fibre bind acetylcholine and generate a muscle action potential.
What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?	Acetylcholinesterase destroys the acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft to allow for the transfer of a subsequent stimulus.
What two molecules are stored by muscles for use in ATP synthesis?	Glycogen Creatine phosphate (phosphocreatine)
What is the latent period of a muscle twitch?	The latent period of a muscle twitch is the period of time between the stimulus and a muscle fibre contraction.
Distinguish between isotonic and isometric contractions.	During isotonic contractions, the muscle shortens, but muscle tension remains relatively constant. During an isometric contraction, the muscle length stays about the same, but the tension on the muscle increases.
Describe fast glycolytic fibres.	Fast-glycolytic fibres have small amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria, and poor capillary supply. They get their ATP from anaerobic metabolism, contract rapidly, and tire quickly.
What is the role of gap junctions between the cardiac muscle fibres?	The gap junctions between the cardiac muscle fibres allow for the rapid passage of the stimulus for contraction from one cardiac muscle fibre to the next.
List three histologic differences between skeletal and smooth muscle cells:	Filaments not orderly arranged Intermediate filaments in smooth muscle No T tubules in smooth muscle Scanty SR in smooth muscle
What is meant by the term oxygen debt?	When muscles are forced to generate ATP under anaerobic conditions, they produce lactic acid as a waste product. At rest, the body must consume extra oxygen, to metabolize this lactic acid. The extra oxygen required is termed the oxygen debt
What is muscle tone?	Sustained, small contractions give a firmness to a relaxed skeletal muscle that is known as muscle tone.
Epimysium	Warps the entire muscle
Stability	Not a principal characteristic of muscle
The darker area within a sarcomere, which includes an H zone in the centre, is called a(n)	A band
Which regulatory protein blocks the attachment of myosin cross-bridges to actin?	Tropomyosin
In relaxed muscle fibre, which structure stores calcium?	Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Creatine phospate provides enough energy for muscles to contract maximally for about ________ seconds.	15
The oxygen consumed during the “pay back” period of oxygen debt is used for	Convert lactic acid back to glycogen. Resynthesize creatine phosphate and ATP. Replace the oxygen removed from myoglobin.
Calcium is actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum during which period of a myogram’s record of a twitch (muscle) contraction?	Relaxation period
Sustained, wavering contraction is called	Unfused tetanus
Which of the following is true about fast glycolytic (FG) skeletal muscle fibres?	These fibres fatigue easily.
Which of the following is true about smooth muscle?	Smooth muscle can both shorten and stretch to a greater extent than striated muscle.
Which type of muscle has striations, a single nucleus, intercalated discs, sarcomeres, transverse tubules, and gap junctions between fibres?	Cardiac muscle

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:

Muscle Tissue