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Nervous System
Central and Somatic Nervous Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What nerves are in the cervical enlargement? | The cervical enlargement is an expansion of the spinal cord in the cervical region; it contains nerves that supply the upper limbs. |
| List, in order from the outside, the coverings of the spinal cord, and name the spaces adjacent to them. | The dura, outside of which is the epidural space and inside of which is the subdural space; the arachnoid, inside of which is the subarachnoid space; and the pia, the inner layer of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. |
| In which space is the cerebrospinal fluid found? | Subarachnoid space |
| The innermost layer of the meninges is the | Pia mater |
| In a cross section of the spinal cord, what are horns? | Horns are cross sections of columns of nerve cell bodies and nonmyelinated fibres. |
| What are the two main functions of the spinal cord in the maintenance of homeostasis? | Nerve impulse propagation Information integration |
| Define the term spinal reflex. | Spinal reflexes are reflexes that involve the spinal cord only. |
| List the five functional components of a reflex arc: | The five functional components of a reflex arc include receptor, sensory neuron, integrating centre, motor neuron, and effector. |
| A somatic reflex involves a ________ | skeletal muscle |
| What is a mixed nerve? | A mixed nerve contains both sensory and motor fibres. |
| List the common networks of a spinal nerve. | Cervical plexus Brachial plexus Lumbar plexus Sacral plexus |
| Define the term plexus. | A plexus is a network of spinal nerve branches just outside of the spinal cord. |
| Name the three regions of the brain stem | Medulla oblongata Pons Midbrain |
| What are the functions of the cerebrospinal fluid? | Protection Mechanical and chemical Supply of nutrients Removal of wastes |
| Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced? | Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in a network of capillaries called the choroid plexus, which is found in the brain ventricles. |
| What is meant by the expression blood-brain barrier? | The blood-brain barrier refers to the highly selective nature of the capillaries in most parts of the brain. Many substances that could leak out of capillaries in other parts of the body are prevented from doing so in the brain. |
| Name the nuclei located in the medulla that control autonomic function. | Cardiovascular centre Medullary rhythmicity centre |
| What important nuclei, in addition to those of the cranial nerves, are found in the pons? | Important nuclei found in the pons help to regulate breathing. |
| Describe the location of the midbrain. | The midbrain lies above the pons and below the diencephalon. |
| Name the three major parts of the diencephalon: | Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal gland |
| List three ways that the hypothalamus functions to maintain homeostasis: | Controlling the ANS. Controlling the pituitary gland. Regulating emotion. Regulating eating and drinking. Controlling body temperature. Regulating circadian rhythms. |
| What is the cerebral cortex composed of? | The cerebral cortex is made up of gray matter. |
| What is the function of the limbic system? | The limbic system functions in emotional aspects of behaviour related to survival. |
| Describe the function of Broca’s area. | When appropriately stimulated, Broca’s area functions to translate thoughts into speech by coordinating the muscles of speech and breathing to enable one to speak. |
| Name three important sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. | Any 3 of the following: Somatosensory area Visual area Auditory area Gustatory area Olfactory area |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord? | 31 |
| At its superior end, the central canal of the spinal cord is continuous with what structure in the brain? | Fourth ventricle |
| What is the name of the location in the brain where CSF is reabsorbed into the bloodstream? | Arachnoid villi |
| Which part of the brain functions in emotional aspects of behaviour related to survival, and is associated with pleasure and pain? | Limbic system |
| The superficial gray matter layer of the cerebrum is called the | Cerebral cortex |
| What is the Trigeminal nerve used for? | Chewing |
Created by:
nickseaman
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