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BJU Biology - Ch 22
BJU Biology 4th edition - Chapter 22
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| active immunity | An immunity in which a person manufactures the antibodies himself or has activated T cells for a particular antigen. |
| agglutinate | To cause the clumping together of blood cells when blood types are not matched properly in a transfusion. |
| AIDS | A disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus that affects the human immune system. |
| allergy | A disorder caused by the body's producing antibodies when stimulated by natural, nonpathogenic substances. |
| antibody | A protein substance produced to eliminate antigens that have entered the body. |
| antigen | Foreign material in the body that stimulates antibody production or begins cell-mediated immunity. |
| aorta | aorta |
| artery | artery |
| atherosclerosis | A disease causing the lining of blood vessels to be narrowed by the deposition of lipids and rough from extra connective tissue. |
| atrioventricular node | A mass of specialized cardiac tissue located in the right atrium; responsible for the contraction of the ventricles. |
| atrioventricular valve | One of the membranous structures between the atria and ventricles in the heart that prevents backflow of blood into the atria. |
| atrium | One of the heart chambers that receives blood from different parts of the body. |
| autoimmune disease | A disease in which the immune system produces antibodies and cytotoxic T cells that attach the normal host cells. |
| B cell | Cell involved in humoral immunity. |
| blood | The liquid carrier of nutrients, hormones, and gases that moves through the circulatory system. |
| blood plasma | blood plasma |
| blood pressure | The pressure of the blood against the walls of arteries caused by contraction of the heart ventricles. |
| capillary | capillary |
| cell-mediated immunity | An immunity to disease involving activated cells. |
| coagulation | The biochemical process that forms a blood clot. |
| cytotoxic T cell | A cell that functions in immunity by attacking and destroying cells that have been affected by a particular antigen. |
| diastole | The phase of the cardiac cycle during which the myocardium is relaxed and the heart chamber fills with blood. |
| epicardium | The outer connective tissue covering the muscular tissue of the heart. |
| erythrocyte | A red blood cell. |
| helper T cell | A T cell that participates in an immune response by recognizing a foreign antigen and secreting lymphokines to activate T cell and B cell proliferation and that usually carries CD4 molecular markers on its cell surface. |
| histamine | A compound produced by the body and released as part of an allergic reaction, resulting in inflammation. |
| HIV | A virus that causes AIDS. |
| humoral immunity | An immunity to disease involving antibodies. |
| hypertension | High blood pressure. |
| immune | The ability to resist infection or to overcome the effects of infection. |
| kidney | The organ in most vertebrates that filters waste from the blood and excretes it in a liquid called urine. |
| leukocyte | A white blood cell. |
| lymph | The fluid found between body cells; absorbed in the lymphatic system and returned to the bloodstream. |
| lymph node | A small mass of tissue through which lymph passes and in which lymphocytes are found. |
| lymphocyte | A type of white blood cell that functions in immunity. |
| macrophage | A large, phagocytic cell found in the lymphatic system and surrounding tissues. |
| memory T cell | A cell that functions in immunity by remaining in the circulatory system and dividing rapidly to form cytotoxic and helper T cells when an antigen reappears. |
| myocardium | myocardium |
| nephron | A microscopic tubular unit of a kidney. |
| passive immunity | passive immunity |
| platelet | platelet |
| pericardium | A fibrous sac covering the heart and protecting it from rubbing against the lungs and chest wall. |
| pulmonary circulation | The flow of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium. |
| pulse | The dilation and rebounding of an artery's wall in response to the surge of blood from the heart's contraction. |
| semilunar valve | A membranous structure located at the exit of each ventricle; permits one-way flow of blood; pulmonary and aortic. |
| serum | The clear fluid (obtained from blood) that contains antibodies; used to transfer immunity to another person or animal. |
| sinoatrial node | A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle located in the right atrium; performs the job of starting each systole; the cardiac pacemaker. |
| suppressor T cell | A T cell that suppresses the immune response of B cells and other T cells to an antigen resulting in tolerance for the antigen by the organism containing the T cell. |
| systemic circulation | The flow of blood from the left ventricle to all parts of the body, except the lungs, and back to the right atrium. |
| systole | The phase of the cardiac cycle when the myocardium contracts and the heart chamber pumps blood. |
| T cell | Any of several types of cells involved in cell-mediated immunity. |
| ureter | One of the tubes that carries urine from the kidney into the bladder. |
| urethra | The passageway for urine from the bladder externally; also the passageway for sperm in the male. |
| urinary bladder | An organ designed as a reservoir for urine. |
| urine | A liquid excreted from the body; contains the metabolic wastes from the blood. |
| vaccine | A weakened form of a pathogen used to build immunity by stimulating the body to produce antibodies or activate T cells. |
| vein | Any blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart. |
| ventricle | Space within the brain. |
Created by:
marchscience
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