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Evolution Forces

Use the terms to review definitions

TermDefinition
Population Group of individuals which belong to the same species.
Gene Pool Total genes in a population.
Hardy-Weinberg equation Equation which describes the frequencies of genes in a population if no evolutionary force is acting.
Genetic drift Changes in a population due to chance. Usually has a significant effect on small populations.
Bottleneck effect Usually caused by a catastrophe, this causes genes to be overrepresented or underrepresented and reduces the number and diversity of individuals.
Founder effect Occurs when a few individuals colonize a new area and gene frequencies are overrepresented or underrepresented due to the small colony of individuals.
Gene flow Occurs when new alleles are introduced to a population due to migration.
Mutation Any change in DNA. Usually a significant force in a population which is rapidly reproducing and if it increases fitness
Sexual Selection (non-random mating) Occurs when individuals select mates based on phenotypic characteristics.
Natural Selection Occurs when the environment selects individual variation which affects how well an individual survives and reproduces.
Directional selection Type of selection where a variant of one extreme is favored. Shifts the population towards one trait.
Stabilizing selection Type of selection where the extreme variants are not favored. Reduces variation.
Disruptive selection Type of selection where both extremes are favored while the intermediatevphenotype is not favored
p^2 Frequency of homozygous dominant
2pq Frequency of heterozygous
q^2 Frequency of homozygous recessive
p Frequency of dominant allele
q Frequency of recessive allele
Created by: jenniyauck
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