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Nervous System

Nervous Tissue

QuestionAnswer
What are the functions of the nervous system? Sensory - Sense changes in the body and the external environment Integrative - Interprets sensory information, creates appropriate motor response Motor - Initiates muscle action/movement or gland secretion
What is the function of afferent neurons? They send impulses from sensory cells to the CNS (Central Nervous System)
What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
What is the function of microglia? They are phagocytotic cells. Phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles
What are ependymal cells? They create cerebrospinal fluid, and are epithelial cells. They line the ventricles of the brain.
Describe the structure of the myelin sheath It has many layers of phospholipid membrane. These belong the Schwann cells. The sheath wraps around the axons of myelinated neurons.
What are Schwann cells? They are the main glial cells of the peripheral nervous system
What are dendrites? They extensions of the cell body that transmit impulses to the cell body.
What is grey matter? It contains nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and axon terminals of unmyelinated axons and neuroglia
What is white matter? They are groupings of the myelinated processes of many neurons
Define the term ganglia Clusters of nerve cell bodies outside of the central nervous system.
What is the meaning of the term resting membrane potential? The resting membrane potential is the potential difference that exists across a nerve cell membrane when it is not conducting an impulse, usually about -70 millivolts.
What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump? The sodium-potassium pump actively carries sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. It is powered by ATP.
How does a neuron become depolarized? Sodium ions coming into the nerve cell membrane causes depolarization.
What is the refractory period? Its the period the follows an initial stimulus, during which the neurons cannot be stimulated to conduct a second impulse.
What is a threshold stimulus? Its a stimulus that causes the membrane of a neuron to depolarize to a critical level (-55 mv), so it can generate an action potential.
What is the advantage of saltatory conduction Saltatory conduction is very fast and requires less energy expenditure of the sodium-potassium pump.
Why does the synaptic conduction of an impulse occur only in one direction? Transmission must be unidirectional because neurotransmitters are released only from presynaptic terminals, and because only postsynaptic membranes have appropriate neurotransmitter receptors.
What is a neurotransmitter? A neurotransmitter is a chemical released by a presynaptic neuron for the purpose of stimulating or inhibiting the postsynaptic neuron.
Which nervous system is the sympathetic nervous system a part of? The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system.
Which neuroglia produce myelin in the CNS? Oligodendrocyte
Which of the following gated ion channels opens to a change in membrane potential? Voltage
The most important factors that determine the speed of impulse propagation are the Fibre diameter and the presence or absence of the myelin sheath
True Statements 1 Fibres with larger diameters conduct impulses faster than fibres with smaller diameters. Myelinated fibres conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated fibres.
True Statements 2 The intensity of a stimulus is coded in the frequency of action potentials. A travelling action potential is a nerve impulse.
Created by: nickseaman
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