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Lungs Respiration
Air composition, Lungs structure and respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How much Oxygen gas is there in the air that we breathe in? | about 21% (1/5th of the air) |
| How much Oxygen gas is there in the air that we breathe out? | about 16% |
| How much Carbon Dioxide is there on average in the air that we breathe in? | less than 1% |
| How much Carbon Dioxide is there on average in the air that we breathe out? | about 4%: that is MORE CO2 in the air we breathe out than we breathe in because we produce CO2 IN THE CELLS through respiration |
| Where does respiration take place? | Cells |
| Where does breathing take place? | Lungs |
| What is the difference between respiration and breathing? | breathing is the exchange of gas: it happens IN THE LUNGS; respiration is the production of energy through the oxidation ("burning") of sugar: it happens IN THE CELLS |
| What is our fuel? | SUGARS(CARBOHYDRATES) |
| What are the names of the 2 (waste) gases produced when our cells respire? | CARBON DIOXIDE and WATER (STEAM) |
| What do we need to respire? | Sugar and Oxygen |
| What is the word equation for respiration? | Sugar + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water +(energy) |
| What is the balanced equation for the respiration in the cells? | C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O |
| What is the test for Carbon Dioxide? | Limewater turns cloudy |
| What is the difference between breathing and respiration? | Breathing means “getting gases in and out of the LUNGS”; respiration means “burning sugar in the CELLS to get ENERGY” |
| How does the Oxygen travel from the lungs to the blood vessels | Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the capillaries/blood stream: the oxygen travels FROM an area of HIGH concentration (lungs) TO an area of LOW concentration (capillaries); Oxygen will then attach to the Red Blood Cell |
| What is the scientific same of the windpipe? | TRACHEA |
| Why is the trachea made of hard cartilage? | To keep the air flowing in and out; if the trachea was made of soft tissues, it would collapse and no air would flow in or out |
| What is the scientific name of the air sac? | ALVEOLI |
| Why is it important to have many alveoli rather than 2 big balloons? | to increase surface area to have more gas exchange (remember to write MORE… MORE statements) |
| What is the name of the small air passages in the lungs? | BRONCHIOLE |
| What happens to asthmatics during an asthma attack? | the bronchioles get narrower so less air flows in and out (say “narrower” rather than “smaller”!) |
| The windpipe divides into two branches. What is the name of those branches? | BRONCHUS |
| What is the muscle that makes us breathe? | DIAPHRAGM |
| When we breathe in, describe what happens to the rib-cage. | IT EXPANDS |
| Which gas do we need to live/respire? | OXYGEN |
| Describe the path taken by an oxygen molecule from the air to a cell in your toes | Mouth>Trachea > Bronchi>Bronchioles > Alveoli > Capillary > Pulmonary Vein > Left atrium > Left ventricle > Aorta > Artery > Capillary > Cell |
| What passes from the alveoli (lungs) into a capillary? | Oxygen |
| What passes from the capillaries to the alveoli (lungs)? | carbon dioxide |
| How (by what process) does the oxygen pass from the alveoli into capillaries? | diffusion |
| Why is the trachea so hard? | to prevent the trachea from collapsing, so that the air can always pass through |
| Why are there so many alveoli in the lungs? | to create a LARGE surface area to get MORE oxygen in; |
| Describe how bronchodilators(inhalers) help asthmatic people to breathe | it increases the diameter of the bronchioles; to let more air flow into the alveoli |
| Match parts of the respiratory system with parts of the bell-jar model | Trachea= tube going in the jar; lungs=balloons; diaphragm= rubber sheet; rib cage=walls of the jar (note that this part of the model does not represent well the respiratory system as the rib cage moves but not the jar) |
| CHALLENGE: A teacher could demonstrate breathing in using a bell-jar model and pulling the rubber sheet down. Explain why the balloons inflate during this demonstration. | increase in volume inside the jar which causes a decrease in pressure the jar; as the pressure (inside) is lower than atmospheric (outside), the air flows in |
| Explain why asthmatic people can become more breathless during exercise. | As the bronchioles are smaller, there is less oxygen getting to the alveoli/to the cells, so there will be less respiration in the cells so there will be less energy released |
| CHALLENGE Describe the movement of the diaphragm and of the intercostal muscles when a person breathes in | Both contract |
| What is the brown substance that collects in your lungs and that can cause lung cancer? | TAR |
| What is the poisonous substance that prevents the blood from carrying the oxygen? | CARBON MONOXIDE |
| What is the addictive substance that makes your blood pressure rise? | NICOTINE |
| Smoking calms you down. True or False? | FALSE (Nicotine makes your heart beat faster) |
| What is the substance that traps all the dust in your lungs? | MUCUS |
| How is the mucus carried from the lungs to your throat and nose? | LITTLE HAIRS (CILIA) MOVING |
| GCSE: Explain why the rate of breathing remains high minutes after exercise | When a period of exercise is over, lactic acid must be removed. This requires oxygen. The amount of oxygen required to remove the lactic acid, and replace the body's reserves of oxygen, is called the oxygen debt. |
Created by:
ursulinebio
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