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BJU Biology - Ch 21

BJU Biology 4th edition - Chapter 21

TermDefinition
absorption The movement of food molecules from the alimentary canal into the bloodstream.
alimentary canal A group of digestive organs arranged in a continuous tube extending from mouth to anus.
alveolus One of the small, bubblelike structures of the lungs where gases are exchanged between the atmospheric air and the blood.
bile A greenish fluid produced by the liver; necessary for the breakdown and absorption of fatty substances.
bronchus One of the two branches of the trachea that carries air to the lungs.
calorie A measurement of heat produced during the oxidation of food (Calorie); the amount of heat required to raise 1 g of water 1 Celsius degree (calorie).
cementum An external bony layer on the roots and the neck of a tooth; it anchors the tooth in the socket.
chyme The semi liquid mixture of partly digested food and digestive juices in the stomach and small intestine.
crown The visible portion of a tooth, above the gingiva.
dentin The primary component of teeth.
digestion digestion
enamel Hard, durable material that covers the exposed surface of the teeth.
egestion The elimination of nonsoluble, undigested wastes.
emulsification The process by which liquid fats are made into small droplets within another liquid.
epiglottis The flap that closes the glottis during swallowing.
esophagus The tube of the alimentary canal connecting the pharynx and stomach.
expiration Breathing air out of the lungs; exhalation.
fiber The indigestible cellulose and other roughage from fruits and vegetables that is essential to good health.
gallbladder The pear-shaped sac on the underside of the liver; concentrates and stores bile.
hemoglobin The red pigment of erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.
ingestion The intake of food.
inspiration Filling the lungs with air; inhalation.
large intestine (Colon) The part of the alimentary canal that etends from the small intestine to the anus.
larynx The short passageway that leads from the pharynx to the trachea; the sound-producing organ; the voice box.
liver The largest organ of the body; secretes bile, purifies blood, metabolizes food molecules, and stores minerals and vitamins.
The largest organ of the body; secretes bile, purifies blood, metabolizes food molecules, and stores minerals and vitamins. An inorganic substance found in soil; many obtained from food and essential for good health.
neck The region of a tooth that is surrounded by the gingiva.
palate The structure serving as the floor of the nose and the roof of the mouth.
pancreas An organ that secretes enzymes into the duodenum to perform digestion (also secretes hormones).
peristalsis Muscular movements that move food in the alimentary canal.
pharynx The portion of the digestive tract that connects the mouth cavity and the esophagus; also serves as the passageway for air from nose to larynx.
pleura A delicate membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs.
pulp cavity The central region of a tooth filled with blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves and connective tissues.
root The part of the tooth that anchors it in to the socket.
salivary gland A gland that secretes saliva to break down starches.
small intestine The digestive organ where most of the digestion and absorption of food occurs.
stomach The muscular pouch of the digestive system that comes after the esophagus.
trachea A tube that extends from the larynx to the bronchi.
villus One of the microscopic finger-like structures that lines the small intestine and aids in absorption of food molecules.
vitamin An organic substance other than proteins, fats and carbohydrates that is necessary for normal metabolism, growth and development.
Created by: marchscience
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