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anatomy lab exam
special senses and blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Testing for astigmatism detects defects in the refracting surface of what two structures of the eye? | cornea, lens |
| what is accommodation? | helps to focus light on the retina. occurs by changing of thelens initiated by ciliary muscles contraction |
| color blindness tests for deficiencies in what photoreceptors | cones |
| inner coat of the eye, lines the posterior 3/4 of the eyeball, primary functin is image formation which contains pigmented layer and neural layer, photoreceptors | retina |
| yellow spot, concentrated area of cones | macula lutea |
| small depression in maculea lutea contains only cones, site of sharpest vision | fovea |
| tough fibrous opaque, white portion of the eyeprovides protection for delicate internal portions of the eye and optic nerve | sclera |
| in the anterior, convex, transparent window or the eye,bends light rays as they pass thru contains free nerve endings | cornea |
| the colored portion of the eye that contains the amount of light entering the eye by the size of the pupil.two layers of smooth muscles called pupillary muscles | iris |
| is the opening in the center of the iris that allows light to pass into the eyeavtonomic reflexcircular muscle fibers contract in bright light to shrink pupilradial muscles fibers contract in dim light to enlarge pupil | pupil |
| pigmented epithelial cells(melanocytes) and blood vesselsprovides nutrients to retinablack pigment absorbs scattered light rays | choroid |
| folds on ciliary body secrets aqueous humor | ciliary body |
| composed of multiple layers of crystallin transparent lack blood vessels lens help focus light rays on the retina light is refracted as it passes through lens | lens |
| why does the blind spot exist | because this region lacks photoreceptors |
| if someone has 20/20 vision what type of vision do they have | distance in feet from which a person can reliably distinguish a pair of objects. The denominator is the distance from which an 'average' person would be able to distinguish |
| normal vision | emmetropia |
| near sighted | myopia |
| far sighted | hyperopia |
| presbyopia | is a health condition where the eye exhibits a progressively diminished ability to focus on near objects with age |
| elastic cartlidge covered with epithelial tissue | auricle/pinna |
| epithelial lined /acoustic | external auditory canal |
| lines external canal , makes earwax | ceruminous glands |
| connects to pharynex)middle ear infections | auditory (eustachian) tube |
| bridge connection, three timy bones forming a lever system between the tympanic membran and the inner ear,vibrations fromt he tympanic membrane pass from malleus to the incus to the stapes | auditory ossciles |
| makes fluid waves, stapes vibrates of the inner ear | oval window |
| waves exit | round window |
| contains the utricle and saccule which conveys information about static equilebrium, your position with respect to gravity and sudden acceleration | saccule and utricle |
| the organ of static equilibrium;inside the utricle and the saccule; contains thousands of hair cells | the macula |
| what is olfaction adaptation | you adapt less stimuli to a chronic odorant that doesnt change |
| olfactory receptor cells;basel cells; supporting cells | olfactory epithelium |
| olfactory nerve | cranial nerve I |
| 40 slender chemoreceptors called; also called taste buds; extend taste hairs through a narrow taste pore; chemical from food binds; depolarizes nerve fibers; results in action potientaltravels to the brain | gustatory cells |
| located in the epithelial projections are | lingual papillae |
| four basic taste | sweet, salty, bitter, sour |
| what is the compostition of blood two components: | -blood plasma(55%); liquid component consisting of 92% water and 8% solutes-formed elements(45%) solids*red blood cells* white blood cells*platelets |
| what are the plasma protiens | albuminglobulinsfibrinogenregularory protiens92% water |
| converted to fibrin during clotting; soluble protien in blood; removal of this leaves serum | fibrinogen |
| most abundent plasma protein; globular protein. major contributor to osmotic pressure inthe plasma; important in the transport of fatty acids, thyroid hormones and some steroid hormones | albumin |
| 35% of plasma proteins, include immunoglobins(antibodies) which attack foreign proteins and pathogens, include transport globulins which bind ions, hormones and other components | globulins |
| accounts for slightly less than half of the blood volume, and 99.9% of the formed elements-contains the oxygen carrying protein hemoglobulin-pigment five it red color;bioconcave discs,lack nuclei and othe organells, membrane contains glycolipids, 120 days | Red blood cells(erythrocytes) |
| first phagocyte at site of infection, release leukotrines | Neutrophiles |
| phagocytes attracted for foreign compounds that have reacted with antibodies | eosinophils |
| migrate to damaged tissue and release histamine and heprin | basophils |
| enters peripheral tissue and becomes a macrophage | monocyte |
| migrate back and forth between bloodstream and tissue and populate the lymphatic system; include t cells, B cells and NK cells | lymphocytes |
| disc shaped elements without nuclei, they are not true cells, circulate 9-12 days before being removed ny phagocytes, help stop blood loss from damaged blood vessels by forming a plug | platelet |
| lower than normal Calcium levels | anemia |
| abnormally high percentage of RBC, may be 65% or higher | polycythemia |
| normal hematocrit for femal | 38-46% |
| normal hematocrit for male | 40-54% |
| what the normal WBC count | 4000 to 11,000 |
| is a raised white blood cell count above the normal range | leukocytosis |
| is a decrease in the number of white blood cells found in the blood, which places individuals at increased risk of infection. | leukopenia |
| what is the purpose of hemoglobin | is a protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the body |
| normal time for coagulation | 3-6 min |
| what blood formed element is essential for clotting | platelets |
| what is fibrin | a fibrous protein involved in the clotting of blood, and is non-globular. |
| what antigen is on the surface of the RBC of a person with A? what antibodies would be present in their blood? | B |
| what antigen is on the surface of the RBC of a person with B? what antibodies would be present in their blood? | A |
| what antigen is on the surface of the RBC of a person with AB?what antibodies would be present in their blood? | O |
| what antigen os on the surface of the RBC of a person with O? what antibodies would be present in their blood? | A and B |
| Does Rh- individual have antigens on the surface of their RBC? Does and Rh+ individual have antigens on the surface of their RBC/ | Rh- is a noRh+ is a yes |
| does and individual carry performed antibodies for Rh antigen | no |
Created by:
mflanagan2009
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