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Cell vocab 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | the smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life's processes.” |
| Microscope | an optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, such as mineral samples or animal or plant cells, typically magnified several hundred times. |
| Cell Theory | a theory in biology that includes one or both of the statements that the cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of living matter and that the organism is composed of autonomous cells with its properties being the sum of those of its cells |
| Cell Wall | the usually rigid nonliving permeable wall that surrounds the plasma membrane and encloses and supports the cells |
| Cell Membrane | the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| Nucleus | the positively charged central core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons and containing nearly all its mass. |
| Organelle | a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, |
| Ribosome | a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins. |
| Nucleic Acid | a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain. |
| Selectively Permeable | the property of a membrane that allows some substances to pass through but not others. |
| Osmosis | a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. |
| Cytoplasm | the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules |
| Mitochondria | an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. |
| Golgi Apparatus | a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. |
| Chloroplast | in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| Lysosome | a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. |
| Multicellular | (of an organism or part) having or consisting of many cells. |
| Unicellular | a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, |
| DNA | a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
| Passive Transport | a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes. |
| Active Transport | he movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. |
| Tissue | a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit. A nonliving material, called the intercellular matrix, fills the spaces between the cells |
| Organ | a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular function. |
| Organ System | a group of organs that work together to perform bodily functions. |
| Element | A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means, and is made up of atoms all with an identical number of protons. |
| Compound | a unique substance that consists of two or more elements combined in fixed proportions. |
| Lipid | any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids. |
| Protein | any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, |
| Enzyme | a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction |
| Double Helix | the description of the structure of a DNA molecule |
| Diffusion | the net movement of anything generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. |
| Endocytosis | the process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle |
Created by:
ballman08
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