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8ES Chp 11: Fossils

8th Grade Earth Science Chapter 11: Fossils Coach Leach

TermDefinition
fossil Any remains or trace of a formerly living organism preserved by natural processes.
paleontology The study of life in geologic time, as represented by the fossils of animals, plants, and other organisms found in the geologic column.
index fossil A fossil that regularly appears in certain layers of the geologic column; also used by paleontologists to assign relative ages to rock layers.
transitional form An organism that scientists consider a step in the evolution from one kind of organism to another higher up on the evolutionary tree of life; also known as missing link.
extinction The process by which a species, family, or larger group of organisms dies out.
fossil fuel A natural energy source that is believed to have formed from fossilized organisms.
coal An organic sedimentary rock formed from fossilized terrestrial plant matter; classified on the basis of the extent of metamorphism.
lignite coal Dark brown, soft, crumbly coal that is about 30% carbon and includes liquid organic substances.
bituminous coal Moderately dense, hard coal that is dark brown to black in color and is about 70% carbon
anthracite coal Densest and hardest form of coal that is very dark and is more than 90% carbon; burns with the hottest and least smoke-filled flame of any form of coal.
petroleum A liquid fossil fuel found underground as crude oil and thought to be made of decomposed fossil marine organisms.
natural gas A gaseous fuel often found with petroleum; consists mostly of the organic gas methane.
Created by: CoachLeach
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