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Evolution of Body
Bio 3 Lecture 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the general feature of animals? | Heterotrophy (Ingest other organisms), Multicellularity (Complex bodies), No cell walls (They lack rigid cell walls), Active movement (Move rapidly and in complex way), Diversity of form (Vary greatly in form) |
| What are additional general features of animals? | Diversity of habitat (Grouped in 35–40 phyla, GKROFGS), sexual reproduction (Most reproduce sexually), embryonic development (Zygote 1st undergoes a series of mitotic divisions), tissue (Cells organized into structural and functional units called tissues) |
| How do animals obtain energy? | By ingesting other organisms |
| What do most animal have in terms of reproduction? | Sexual life cycle |
| What is the general pattern of embryonic development? | Zygote--» Morula --» Blastula --» Gastrula |
| What are tissues and what are the types of tissues? | They're similat cells with specific functions. There's epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous |
| What are the 5 key innovations in animal evolution? | 1)Tissues 2)Symmetry 3)Body cavities 4)Pattern of development 5)Segmentation |
| Explain the evolution of tissues | It starts witht the zygote (fertilized egg) which is totipotent. As the embryo develops, the cells specializes and form tissues (germ layers) in an embryo. |
| Explain tissues in sponges and other animals | In sponges, tissues and organs are not present (cells aggregate and segregate). All other animals have distinc and well-defined tissues |
| What are the 2 sub-divisions of tissues? | There's present and absent tissue (genre sponge and other animals) |
| What phylum does and does not have tissues? | Parazoa doesn't have tissues and eumetazoa has tissues. |
| What are the characteritics of parazoa? Give an example | They don't have tissues, they don't have symmetry and don't have organs. An example is :Phylum Porifera. |
| What are the characteritics of eumetazoa? Give an example | They have tissues and organs, so organ systems as well. They have symmetry. Exmaple: Phylum Chordata |
| What is symmetry and where is it found? | It's an imaginary axis along the animals body. Sponges lack of any definite symmetry. All other animals have symmetry. |
| What are the subdivisions of symmetry? | There's radial and bilateral. Radial are body parts arranged around a central axis. Bilateral has a right and left part (mirror images). Ex of radial: Phylum Cnidaria. Ex of bilateral: thropoda (like a dog) |
| What are the advantages of bilateral symmetry? | Motility (more efficient), produces 3 germs layers and cephalization (head to anterior end) |
| What is body cavity? | Surroinded by mesoderm, tissues that are formed during development |
| What do we call animals that produce 2 germ layers? What are the layers? what do we call animals with 3 germ layers? | With 2 germ layers, diploblastic (endoderm and ectoderm). With 3 germs layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm) we call them triploblastic |
| What germ layers do sponges have? | No germ layers hehe |
| What are the 3 types of body cavities? What are their specificities? | There's acoelomates (no body cavities), pseudocoelomates (body cavity that forms between mesoderm and endoderm) and coelomates (real body cavities). |
| What is the order of transition in which the innovations develops? | First is tissues, second is symmetry, third is body cavities, fourth is pattern of formation and fifth is segmentation |
| What is pattern of development and what are the 2 groups? | Pattern formation in development is the process where cells acquire different identities depending on their spacial position in the embryo. There's protostomes and deuterostomes. |
| Organism with coelom can be divided into 2 groups; what is the protostomes? | Protostomes develop the mouth first from or near the blastopore |
| Organism with coelom can be divided into 2 groups; what is the deuterostomes? | Deuterostomes develop the anus first from the blastopore. |
| What is blastopore? | It's an opening in the embryo that communicates with the exterior and depending on the side of the blastopore, it's either gonna be portotosmes or deuterostome. |
| What is segmentation? | Segmentation is the animal body plan divided into similar units |
| What are the advantages of segmentation? | Allows redundant organ systems in adults and allows for more efficient and flexible movement because each segment can move independently. |
Created by:
Malayka
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