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Global Currents

8.10A Atmospheric and Ocean Currents

TermDefinition
Convection Currents hot, dense material rises as colder, more dense material sinks.
Formation of Winds cold air sinks making areas of high pressure and warm air rises making areas of low pressure. Wind is created when areas of high pressure moves into areas of low pressure. The greater the air pressure, the faster the wind.
Global Air Pressure Movement High and low pressure movement creates convection circles every 30 degrees
Coriolis Effect Earth's rotation causes currents in the northern hemisphere to move right (clockwise) and in the southern hemisphere left (counter-clockwise)
Trade Winds Located in the tropics, blow east to west
Polar Westerlies Located in the poles and blow east to west
Westerlies Located between the poles and tropics and blow west to east
Doldrums Very little wind blows due to warm less dense air
Horse Latitudes Dense cool air sinks and stops creating areas of high pressure
Jet Stream Long band of high speed wind blowing west to east between hot and cold boundaries. Each hemisphere has a subtropical jet stream and a polar jet stream. Movement can fluctuate slightly with temperature changes.
Ocean currents exchange between poles Cold water ocean currents move to the equator while warm ocean currents from the equator goes to the poles.
Surface Ocean Currents These ocean currents are caused by winds moving the surface of the water. Therefore they have similar patterns to wind currents.
Continental Deflection Surface ocean currents are deflected when they hit a continent. The coriolis effect also affects ocean currents.
Deep Ocean Currents Caused by differences in water density. Can be affected by salinity and temperature. Warmer water is less dense, cold water is denser. Salt water is denser than fresh water.
Sea Breeze Cool air from over water blows onto land causing warm air to rise.
Land Breeze In the night, land cools faster than water, so cold air blows onto the ocean.
Land and Sea Temperature Land warms up faster than water, but land loses heat faster than water.
Created by: salsni_
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