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Disease Unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vector | An organism that spreads disease-causing microbes from one host to another without getting sick itself. Ex: ticks, mosquitos, fleas, etc |
| quarantine | The period of isolation used to control the spread of an infectious disease |
| pathogen | a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease |
| macrophage | cells that consume pathogens |
| antibodies | proteins in a Y-shape that bind to a specific antigen. Found in blood, mucus, saliva, breast milk. They have the ability to deactivate a antigen and also activate T helper cells |
| antigen | a pathogen that the body recognizes as a cell not of the human body, foreign to the body |
| apoptosis | a type of cell destruction- usually cells that are infected by a pathogen; these cells release a protein that cause holes in the cell membrane |
| memory cell | cells that keep a memory of the pathogen they were exposed to |
| helper T cell | a white blood cell that releases chemical signals that stimulate cytotoxic T cells |
| cytotoxic T cell | white blood cells that have the ability to destroy cells that have been infected by a pathogen |
| B cell | white blood cells that have the ability to make antibodies |
| vaccine | A substance that stimulates the body’s immune response in order to prevent or control an infection- this may include: part of the virus, a weakened virus, chemicals from the virus, |
| antibiotic | specific bacteria used to fight bacterial and fungal diseases. |
| full course | The complete prescription of an antibiotic from a doctor |
| resistant | The characteristic of bacteria that have an increased chance to survive and reproduce when there is an antibiotic present in the environment. |
| bacteria | Single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. They reproduce in warm, wet places. |
| virus | an infective agent/germ that is too small to be seen by a microscope and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host. |
| epidemiologist | A scientist who traces the spread of a disease through a population- data is often mapped and graphed in plot-line graphs, in order to see patterns in the data. |
| germs | viruses & bacteria |
| germ theory of disease | The theory that microbes can cause infectious diseases |
| immune system | A system of specialized cells that coordinate and communicate in order to inactivate foreign material |
| mutation/ variant | A change in the DNA of a gene that can lead to a different trait |
| quantitative data | Information that is based on numerical measurements |
| qualitative data | Information that is observed with the senses (seen, felt, heard, smelled, tasted) |
| barriers (first line of defense for pathogens) | skin, mucus, saliva, tears, stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) |
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Benter's
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