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Pediatrics Ch. 23.
Sepsis, Causes of LOC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is sepsis | Systemic response to infection with bacteria and can also result from viral and fungal infections, and causes a systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to the endotoxin of the bacteria that causes tissue damage |
| What can untreated sepsis result in | Septic shock, Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, Death |
| Which children are at increased risk for developing sepsis | Immunocompromised, Neutropenia, or in Intensive care |
| How does sepsis manifest | Fever, chills, tachypnea, tachycardia, neurological signs |
| Why is decreased blood pressure not used to diagnose septic shock | An infant’s body compensates for poor circulation and tissue perfusion by increasing the heart rate and vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels |
| What does hypotension in a child indicate | The body is unable to compensate and cardiorespiratory arrest is about to occur |
| What will laboratory tests for a patient with sepsis include | Positive blood cultures, Reduced fibrinogen and thrombocytes, Presence of immature white blood cells |
| What are the ominous signs for sepsis | Hypotension, Neutropenia |
| What is neutropenia | Neutrophil count below 1000/mm^3 |
| What is Pao2 | Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood |
| What is Paco2 | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood |
| What are causes of altered level of consciousness | Pao2 < 60, Paco2 > 45, Low blood pressure causing cerebral hypoxia, Fever, Drugs, Seizures, Increased ICP |
| What can increase oxygen need by 10% | 1 degree rise in fever |
| What does a 1 degree rise in fever cause | 10% increase in oxygen need |
| What drugs can cause an altered LOC | Sedatives, Antiepileptics |
| Which stage of seizures cause an altered LOC | Postictal state |
| What vaccines can prevent sepsis | H. influenza type B (Hib), Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) between 2 and 4 years of age |