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Anatomy Ch. 1-5
Anatomy Class Chapters 1 through 5 Review
| Respiratory System | Nose, pharynx, trachea(wind pipe), lungs. Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide |
| Cellular Respiration | Converts energy in nutrients(glucose) into ATP. Requires oxygen(O2) and gives off carbon dioxide. |
| Anatomy | Is the study of structure. |
| Organ | An organ is composed of 2 or more types of tissues with specialized functions. |
| System | A system is a group of 2 or more organs that perform common functions. |
| Organism | An organism is a group of systems. |
| atom | the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means (contains a nucleus with protons and neutrons and an electron cloud) |
| element | a pure substance made of only one kind of atom and represented by a symbol such as H for hydrogen |
| isotopes | atoms of an element that contain a different number of neutrons |
| covalent bond | when 2 or more atoms share electrons to form a molecule |
| hydrogen bond | a weak chemical attraction between polar molecules |
| Cell | A membrane bound structure that is the basic unit of life |
| Cell Membrane | The lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of the cell |
| Cell Theory | This says that 1. all living things are made of cells, 2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function and 3. cells only come from other cells. |
| Cell wall | A rigid structure that surrounds the cells of plants and most bacteria |
| Cytoplasm | The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus |
| Eukaryote | A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| Golgi apparatus | A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell |
| Lysosomes | An organelle containing digestive enzymes, |
| Mitochondria | powerhouse of the cell, produces energy (ATP) from oxygen and sugar(Cellular respiration) |
| types of tissues | epithelial, CT, Nervous, Muscle |
| epithelial tissue | for protection, absorption, filtration, secretion |
| stratified | more than one layer |
| endocrine gland | makes hormones in the gland and releases into blood |
| exocrine gland | excretes hormones into ducts to reach specific regions |
| Synovial membrane | lines & lubricates joints |
| Long Bone | Hollow Middle-containing yellow marrow Solid at either end - Red Marrow Covered in Periosteum -connective tissue Growth at epyphiseal plate |
| Diaphysis | The shaft or central part of a long bone |
| short bone | roughly cubed shaped ex. wrist and ankle |
| flat bone | thin, flattened and usually a bit curved. (sternum) |
| irregular bone | have complicated shapes ex. vertebrae and hip bones |
| compact bone | dense outer layer that looks smooth and solid to the naked eye Contains passageways for blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves |
| Spongy Bone | internal to compact bone |
| Functions of bones | • Support (—provides hard framework) • Movement (—skeletal muscles use bones as levers) • Protection (-- of underlying organs) • Mineral storage (—reservoir for important minerals • Blood-cellformation (—bone contains red marrow) • Energy metabolism |
| Red Marrow | Hematopoietic tissue found within the trabecular cavities of spongy bone of long bones |
| Yellow Marrow | Bone marrow that is yellow with fat |
| Osteoblasts | Actively produce and secrete bone matrix responsible for bone growth BUILD |
| Osteocyte | mature one cells that occupy spaces (lacunae) that conform to their shape; keep bone matrix healthy MAINTAIN |
| Osteoclasts | Giant multinucleate cells located at sites of bone resorption Secrete hydrochloric acid (dissolves mineral component of matrix) and lysosomal enzymes (digests organic component) DESTROY |
| Cartilage | A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together |
Created by:
nisha542
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