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Makala Price
Physiology/Anatomy weeks 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Transverse | Divides body into top and bottom |
| Axial | Divides body into top and bottom |
| Superficial | Close to the surface of the body |
| Coronal | Divides body into front and back |
| Tendons | How muscles are attached to bones |
| Caudal | Close to the feet |
| Inferior | Close to the feet |
| Excretion | Removal of waste |
| Secretion | Production and release of important substances |
| Ventral | Towards the front of the body |
| Molecule | Atoms that are formed together |
| Articulation | Movement that occurs at the joints |
| Responsiveness | Ability one has to respond to change being made in it's environment externally and internally |
| Digestion | Food being broken down into substances that can be easily absorbed and used |
| Deep | Internal body |
| Proximal | Close to the point of attachment or trunk of that body |
| Lateral | Further from the midline of the body |
| Growth | An increase of cells in an individual or in a certain part or organ |
| Atom | Tiny pieces of matter. Matter is formed by atoms regardless of form. |
| Respiration | Absorption, transportation, and use of exchange of respiratory gases |
| Conductivity | Movement of energy from one point to another |
| Cartilage | Between bones. Protects joints. Flimsy |
| Cytoplasm | Gel-like material that is formed by atoms, molecules, and macromolecules. Inside of a cell |
| Medial | Close to the midline of the body |
| Sagittal | Divides the body into left and right |
| Distal | Further away from the trunk of the body |
| What are the levels of organization? | Chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism |
| Circulation | Movement of body fluids to one place to the next in a continuous pattern |
| Dorsal | Towards the back |
| Absorption | The transportation and usage of nutrients |
| Cranial | Above or close to the head |
| Superior | Above or close to the head |
| Ligaments | Connects bone to bone |
| Macromolecule | Molecules that have combined with other atoms and molecules that form larger chemical groupings |
| Reproduction | Formation of new offspring |
| Covalent Bonds | A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer energy levels of two atoms |
| Ionic bond | A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
| Matter | Materials and substances around us. Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Element | Pure. Cannot be broken down or decomposed. Stand alone |
| Compounds | Can be broken down or decomposed into the elements that make them up |
| How many elements are in the human body? | 26 |
| How many of the 26 elements in the human body are major elements? | 11. Makes up 96% of the human body |
| How many trace elements are there? | 15. Makes up 0.1% of the human body |
| What are the major elements? | Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, magnesium |
| What are the trace elements? | Silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, florine, vanadim, chromium, copper, boron, cobalt, zinc, selenium, molybdenum, tin, iodine |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons in a nucleus |
| Mass Number/atomic mass | Number of protons plus the number of neutrons in a nucleus |
| What are the 3 main parts of a cell? | Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus |
| Plasma Membrane | Surrounds cells and separates them from the outside environment |
| Nucleus | The center of a cell |
| What are the four tissue types? | Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous |
| What is the function of epithelial tissue? | Covers and protects body surface, lines body cavities, moves substances in and out of body or organ, and forms glands |
| What is the function of connective tissue? | Supports body and its parts, transports substances throughout body, connects and holds body parts together |
| What is the function of muscle tissue? | Provides movement, produces most of the heat in the body |
| What is the function of nervous tissue? | Communication among the parts in the body, the generation of complex messages that cordinate function |
| What is the most complex tissue in the body? | Nervous tissue |
| What is Extracellular Matrix (ECM)? | Fluid that fills the spaces between cells of the body. Jelly or water-like depending on location. |
| What is EMC (Extracellular Matrix) made of? | Collagen, elastin, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans |
| What are the two types of bone tissue? | Compact and cancellous/spongey |
| What percent of bone mass is compact bone? | 80% |
| What percent of bone mass is spongey/cancellous bone? | 20% |
| Lacunae | pockets that contain osteocytes |
| Lamelle | Layers of calicfied matrix that were produced by immature bone cells called osteoblasts |
| What is the axial skeleton? | The bones along the body's vertical axis. (skull, rib cage, vertebral column) |
| What is the function of the axial skeleton? | Foundation of the body. Protects and carries vital organs, and provides skeletal support |
| What is the appendicular skeleton? | Bones that make up the four limbs, shoulder blades, and pelvis |
| What is the function of the appendicular skeleton? | Movement |
| How are bones classified? | By their shape |
| What are the different shapes of bone? | Long, short, flat, and irregular |
| Red marrow | Produces blood cells |
| Yellow marrow | Stores energy as fat |
| Where can spongey bone and red marrow be found? | The tips of epiphysis of bones |
| Where can yellow marrow be found? | The shaft or diaphysis of long bones |
| Osteoblasts | Repair bone |
| Osteoclasts | Deconstruct/breakdown bone |
| How may bones are in the axial skeleton? | 80 |
| What is homeostasis? | process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival. |
| What is positive feedback? | feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output. (child birth) |
| What is negative feedback? | feedback that tends to dampen a process by applying the output against the initial conditions. (body temp regulation) |
Created by:
Mprice7925
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